處女開苞大合集毛片视频,亚洲成av人片在,韩国三级边吃奶边做,污网站免费,郑州新房

 山昌文(wen)

摘(zhai)要：一(yi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)范围(wei)内的(de)农业(ye)信(xin)贷担(dan)保体系可(ke)以选择省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)-市县公(gong)司(si)、母-子公(gong)司(si)、总(zong)-分(fen)公(gong)司(si)三种模(mo)(mo)式。采用(yong)总(zong)-分(fen)公(gong)司(si)模(mo)(mo)式在以下十个方面具有(you)其他两种模(mo)(mo)式难(nan)以企及的(de)优势(shi)：灵活精准执行(xing)国家规定、便(bian)于(yu)实行(xing)统(tong)一(yi)担(dan)保政(zheng)策(ce)、增强(qiang)抗(kang)风险能力、充分(fen)发挥资(zi)金使用(yong)效益、节约人(ren)力资(zi)源、提(ti)高决策(ce)科(ke)学化水平、充分(fen)实现企业(ye)资(zi)源共享(xiang)、避免市县行(xing)政(zheng)干预、增强(qiang)行(xing)业(ye)话语(yu)权、有(you)利于(yu)加强(qiang)企业(ye)员工队伍(wu)建(jian)设(she)。毋庸讳(hui)言，总(zong)-分(fen)公(gong)司(si)模(mo)(mo)式也存在决策(ce)链条较长、信(xin)息传(chuan)送递减的(de)先天劣(lie)势(shi)，但通过建(jian)立(li)覆盖全省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)农业(ye)信(xin)贷担(dan)保体系的(de)信(xin)息管理(li)平台，不断完善工作制(zhi)度(du)机制(zhi)，可(ke)以有(you)效规避这些劣(lie)势(shi)。因此，总(zong)-分(fen)公(gong)司(si)模(mo)(mo)式是适合省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)级(ji)以下农业(ye)信(xin)贷担(dan)保体系的(de)科(ke)学合理(li)的(de)运(yun)行(xing)模(mo)(mo)式。

“现(xian)代管理(li)学之(zhi)父”彼得·德鲁克曾经说过：“结构(gou)(gou)是一种(zhong)用以(yi)实(shi)现(xian)组(zu)织(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)方式，关(guan)于组(zu)织(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)结构(gou)(gou)设置的(de)(de)一切(qie)必须(xu)以(yi)组(zu)织(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)目标和战略为出发(fa)点。”科学合理(li)的(de)(de)组(zu)织(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)结构(gou)(gou)能够优化(hua)企业(ye)资(zi)源分(fen)配，提高企业(ye)管理(li)效率，在企业(ye)发(fa)展进程中发(fa)挥(hui)着(zhe)不可替代的(de)(de)基础(chu)性(xing)作(zuo)用。农(nong)(nong)业(ye)信贷担(dan)(dan)保体(ti)系(xi)（以(yi)下简称农(nong)(nong)担(dan)(dan)体(ti)系(xi)）组(zu)织(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)结构(gou)(gou)，是体(ti)系(xi)内各农(nong)(nong)业(ye)信贷担(dan)(dan)保机(ji)构(gou)(gou)（以(yi)下简称农(nong)(nong)担(dan)(dan)机(ji)构(gou)(gou)）之(zhi)间的(de)(de)构(gou)(gou)成方式和相互关(guan)系(xi)，对于农(nong)(nong)担(dan)(dan)机(ji)构(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)良好(hao)经营、农(nong)(nong)担(dan)(dan)体(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)有(you)效运行(xing)以(yi)及国(guo)家政策(ce)目标的(de)(de)准确实(shi)现(xian)具有(you)重要影响。因此(ci)，选择何(he)种(zhong)运行(xing)模(mo)式，就(jiu)成为建(jian)立健全(quan)农(nong)(nong)担(dan)(dan)体(ti)系(xi)不得不考虑的(de)(de)重要问题。

一、省级以(yi)下农(nong)担体系可以(yi)采用(yong)的运行(xing)模(mo)式(shi)

按照财政部(bu)、农(nong)(nong)业(ye)部(bu)、银监(jian)会印发(fa)的(de)(de)《关于财政支(zhi)持建(jian)立农(nong)(nong)业(ye)信(xin)贷(dai)担(dan)(dan)(dan)保体系的(de)(de)指导意(yi)见(jian)》（财农(nong)(nong)[2015]121号，以下简(jian)(jian)称《指导意(yi)见(jian)》）中建(jian)立健(jian)全(quan)农(nong)(nong)担(dan)(dan)(dan)体系有关精神，各(ge)省、自治区、直辖市（以下简(jian)(jian)称省）的(de)(de)农(nong)(nong)担(dan)(dan)(dan)体系可以采用以下三(san)种运行模式：

1.省(sheng)-市(shi)(shi)县(xian)公司(si)(si)模式：分(fen)(fen)别设立(li)省(sheng)公司(si)(si)与市(shi)(shi)县(xian)公司(si)(si)。该模式是指(zhi)分(fen)(fen)别在(zai)省(sheng)级(ji)和市(shi)(shi)县(xian)级(ji)建立(li)由(you)财政(zheng)支持的(de)独(du)立(li)法(fa)人(ren)农担机构。省(sheng)公司(si)(si)可(ke)(ke)依据相关(guan)(guan)政(zheng)策对市(shi)(shi)县(xian)公司(si)(si)进(jin)行业(ye)(ye)务(wu)(wu)指(zhi)导，但省(sheng)公司(si)(si)与市(shi)(shi)县(xian)公司(si)(si)均(jun)为相互独(du)立(li)的(de)企业(ye)(ye)法(fa)人(ren)，之间不存在(zai)隶(li)属(shu)关(guan)(guan)系，在(zai)财务(wu)(wu)管理、会计核算、业(ye)(ye)务(wu)(wu)经营、人(ren)事(shi)管理、产权关(guan)(guan)系、法(fa)律责任等方面拥有独(du)立(li)地(di)位。省(sheng)公司(si)(si)与市(shi)(shi)县(xian)公司(si)(si)存在(zai)同业(ye)(ye)竞争关(guan)(guan)系，省(sheng)公司(si)(si)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)在(zai)全省(sheng)范围内开展(zhan)业(ye)(ye)务(wu)(wu)，市(shi)(shi)县(xian)公司(si)(si)只能在(zai)本市(shi)(shi)县(xian)区(qu)域(yu)内经营。

2.母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)-子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)模(mo)式：母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)市县(xian)投资设立(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)。该模(mo)式是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)省(sheng)级(ji)建立(li)(li)农担机构，即母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)，然后由母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)市县(xian)投资设立(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)。母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)拥(yong)有(you)子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)全部(bu)股份并实(shi)际控制子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)，对(dui)子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)重大事(shi)(shi)项(xiang)拥(yong)有(you)实(shi)际决(jue)定权，能(neng)够(gou)决(jue)定子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)内部(bu)机构的(de)(de)(de)组成(cheng)。子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)虽然处于受(shou)(shou)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)实(shi)际控制的(de)(de)(de)地位，在(zai)(zai)(zai)一定程度上受(shou)(shou)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)制约和管(guan)理，但(dan)仍(reng)然是(shi)(shi)(shi)一个具有(you)独(du)立(li)(li)法人(ren)资格的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)业(ye)，其拥(yong)有(you)自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)名(ming)(ming)称、章程、财产(chan)和经(jing)(jing)营(ying)决(jue)策机构，以自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)义从事(shi)(shi)经(jing)(jing)营(ying)活动，实(shi)行独(du)立(li)(li)核算(suan)、自负盈亏(kui)，并以自身资产(chan)独(du)立(li)(li)承担民事(shi)(shi)责任，与(yu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)互不连带。母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)各为独(du)立(li)(li)法人(ren)，母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)对(dui)子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理仅是(shi)(shi)(shi)不同企(qi)业(ye)法人(ren)之间(jian)的(de)(de)(de)产(chan)权管(guan)理，遵循投资者与(yu)被投资者之间(jian)的(de)(de)(de)组织(zhi)原(yuan)则。

3.总(zong)(zong)(zong)-分(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)：总(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)市县设立(li)分(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)。该(gai)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)是指在(zai)(zai)(zai)省级(ji)建立(li)农担(dan)机(ji)构(gou)(gou)，即总(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)，总(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)市县设立(li)分(fen)支机(ji)构(gou)(gou)，即分(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)。总(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)对分(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)日常(chang)经营(ying)、资(zi)金调度、人(ren)(ren)事(shi)管(guan)(guan)理等(deng)方面行使统一决策、指挥、管(guan)(guan)理和监督权，总(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)法人(ren)(ren)资(zi)格(ge)，独(du)立(li)承担(dan)民(min)(min)事(shi)责任(ren)，并(bing)以自身全部(bu)资(zi)产对分(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)承担(dan)无(wu)限责任(ren)。分(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)没(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)自己的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)章程(cheng)，没(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)董事(shi)会等(deng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)经营(ying)决策机(ji)构(gou)(gou)，且没(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)独(du)立(li)财(cai)产，其实际占有(you)(you)(you)(you)、使用的(de)(de)财(cai)产列(lie)入总(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)资(zi)产负债表(biao)，分(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)业务、资(zi)金、人(ren)(ren)事(shi)等(deng)方面受总(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)统一管(guan)(guan)理，在(zai)(zai)(zai)总(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)授权范围内运营(ying)，不具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)法人(ren)(ren)资(zi)格(ge)，属于总(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)附属机(ji)构(gou)(gou)，不独(du)立(li)承担(dan)民(min)(min)事(shi)责任(ren)，其民(min)(min)事(shi)责任(ren)由总(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)承担(dan)。总(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)对分(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理是同一个(ge)企业内部(bu)的(de)(de)层级(ji)行政管(guan)(guan)理，遵循(xun)上下级(ji)之间的(de)(de)组织原则(ze)。

上述三种模式的区(qu)别如(ru)表1所示。

表1  省级(ji)以下农(nong)担体系三(san)种运(yun)行模式特点比较(jiao)

二、总(zong)-分公司(si)模式的比(bi)较优势

企业(ye)运行模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)的设计(ji)以(yi)实现战略规划、优化(hua)资源配置、强化(hua)核(he)心能力、提高(gao)管理(li)效(xiao)率为(wei)原则，科学的运行模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)与(yu)企业(ye)的战略目标、发展理(li)念、行业(ye)属(shu)性、服务定位、业(ye)务范围等一脉相承(cheng)。吉(ji)林(lin)省农担体(ti)系(xi)之所以(yi)选(xuan)择总-分公司的运行模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)，是(shi)因为(wei)该模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)具(ju)有其他(ta)两种模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)难(nan)以(yi)企及(ji)的十大优势。

（一）有(you)利于(yu)灵活精准执(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)国(guo)家规(gui)(gui)定。《指(zhi)导意见》中要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，“财政(zheng)出(chu)资建(jian)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)农(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)信贷(dai)(dai)担(dan)(dan)保(bao)机(ji)(ji)构(gou)(gou)坚持政(zheng)策性(xing)(xing)、专业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)性(xing)(xing)和(he)独立(li)性(xing)(xing)，必须专注(zhu)于(yu)支持粮(liang)食生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)经(jing)营和(he)现代农(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)发(fa)展(zhan)，对从事粮(liang)食生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)和(he)农(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)适度规(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)经(jing)营的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型经(jing)营主体(ti)的(de)(de)(de)农(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)信贷(dai)(dai)担(dan)(dan)保(bao)余额(e)不得低于(yu)总(zong)担(dan)(dan)保(bao)规(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)70%。”同(tong)时强调(diao)，“农(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)信贷(dai)(dai)担(dan)(dan)保(bao)可以逐步(bu)向(xiang)农(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)其他领域(yu)拓展(zhan)，并向(xiang)与农(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)直接相关的(de)(de)(de)二(er)三(san)(san)产(chan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)延伸，促进(jin)(jin)农(nong)(nong)(nong)村一二(er)三(san)(san)产(chan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)合发(fa)展(zhan)。”另外，各省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)资性(xing)(xing)担(dan)(dan)保(bao)机(ji)(ji)构(gou)(gou)监(jian)管(guan)部门对此(ci)也有(you)政(zheng)策要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。采用(yong)总(zong)-分公(gong)司(si)运行(xing)(xing)模(mo)(mo)式，全省(sheng)(sheng)农(nong)(nong)(nong)担(dan)(dan)体(ti)系(xi)是一个整体(ti)，可以在(zai)整体(ti)层面上(shang)执(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)国(guo)家及省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)策要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，同(tong)时在(zai)省(sheng)(sheng)内(nei)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)跨区(qu)域(yu)统筹规(gui)(gui)划(hua)、协调(diao)发(fa)展(zhan)，因地(di)(di)(di)(di)制宜地(di)(di)(di)(di)安排各分公(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)务(wu)(wu)(wu)领域(yu)和(he)规(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)，从而更(geng)(geng)(geng)精准、更(geng)(geng)(geng)切实(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)完(wan)成国(guo)家政(zheng)策目标。例如，我省(sheng)(sheng)总(zong)公(gong)司(si)在(zai)满足粮(liang)食生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)和(he)农(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)适度规(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)经(jing)营信贷(dai)(dai)担(dan)(dan)保(bao)余额(e)不低于(yu)全省(sheng)(sheng)总(zong)担(dan)(dan)保(bao)规(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)70%的(de)(de)(de)前提下，东部山区(qu)的(de)(de)(de)农(nong)(nong)(nong)担(dan)(dan)机(ji)(ji)构(gou)(gou)可以将业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)务(wu)(wu)(wu)领域(yu)更(geng)(geng)(geng)多地(di)(di)(di)(di)投(tou)向(xiang)养(yang)殖(zhi)和(he)山野(ye)特产(chan)；中西部平原(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)区(qu)的(de)(de)(de)农(nong)(nong)(nong)担(dan)(dan)机(ji)(ji)构(gou)(gou)可以将业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)务(wu)(wu)(wu)领域(yu)更(geng)(geng)(geng)多地(di)(di)(di)(di)投(tou)向(xiang)粮(liang)食生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)；靠近大(da)城市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)农(nong)(nong)(nong)担(dan)(dan)机(ji)(ji)构(gou)(gou)则(ze)可以更(geng)(geng)(geng)多地(di)(di)(di)(di)开(kai)(kai)展(zhan)涉农(nong)(nong)(nong)二(er)三(san)(san)产(chan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)信贷(dai)(dai)担(dan)(dan)保(bao)。总(zong)公(gong)司(si)在(zai)总(zong)体(ti)规(gui)(gui)划(hua)上(shang)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)强有(you)力的(de)(de)(de)掌控和(he)管(guan)理，既不会偏离国(guo)家要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，同(tong)时又(you)能更(geng)(geng)(geng)紧密地(di)(di)(di)(di)结(jie)合各地(di)(di)(di)(di)实(shi)际开(kai)(kai)展(zhan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)务(wu)(wu)(wu)，即原(yuan)则(ze)性(xing)(xing)与灵活性(xing)(xing)兼顾，促进(jin)(jin)全省(sheng)(sheng)农(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)更(geng)(geng)(geng)好更(geng)(geng)(geng)快地(di)(di)(di)(di)发(fa)展(zhan)。但若(ruo)采用(yong)省(sheng)(sheng)-市(shi)县公(gong)司(si)和(he)母-子公(gong)司(si)这两(liang)种模(mo)(mo)式，需要(yao)对市(shi)县机(ji)(ji)构(gou)(gou)按(an)独立(li)企业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)策执(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)情况的(de)(de)(de)考核，而各地(di)(di)(di)(di)农(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)发(fa)展(zhan)情况差异较大(da)，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)则(ze)难以满足国(guo)家上(shang)述要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，势必影响业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)务(wu)(wu)(wu)开(kai)(kai)展(zhan)，进(jin)(jin)而降低财政(zheng)支农(nong)(nong)(nong)政(zheng)策效应。

（二）有(you)利于实(shi)行统(tong)一(yi)担(dan)保(bao)(bao)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)。建立健(jian)全农(nong)(nong)担(dan)体(ti)系，既是稳(wen)增长(zhang)、促改革(ge)的重(zhong)(zhong)要部署，也是面向农(nong)(nong)村、服务(wu)(wu)农(nong)(nong)业、惠及(ji)农(nong)(nong)民(min)，化解“三(san)农(nong)(nong)”发展“融资(zi)难”、“融资(zi)贵”问(wen)题(ti)的重(zhong)(zhong)要举措。采用总-分公司这种(zhong)更(geng)为集权的管理模式，便(bian)于在全省实(shi)行统(tong)一(yi)的担(dan)保(bao)(bao)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)，包括贷款利率、担(dan)保(bao)(bao)费率、担(dan)保(bao)(bao)程序等(deng)(deng)，客(ke)户(hu)无论(lun)在省内哪(na)个(ge)区域申请担(dan)保(bao)(bao)服务(wu)(wu)，均可(ke)(ke)获(huo)得同样(yang)的担(dan)保(bao)(bao)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)，享(xiang)受(shou)(shou)到普(pu)惠型均等(deng)(deng)服务(wu)(wu)，能有(you)效避免地域因素导(dao)致(zhi)的机会(hui)不(bu)均等(deng)(deng)现象。而在其他两种(zhong)模式中，市县机构独立经营，拥有(you)更(geng)多自主权，难以保(bao)(bao)证业务(wu)(wu)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)在全省范围内的统(tong)一(yi)，同样(yang)的客(ke)户(hu)位于不(bu)同的市县，有(you)可(ke)(ke)能享(xiang)受(shou)(shou)不(bu)一(yi)样(yang)的担(dan)保(bao)(bao)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)，导(dao)致(zhi)机会(hui)不(bu)均等(deng)(deng)现象。

（三(san)）有利于增(zeng)强(qiang)抗(kang)(kang)风(feng)险(xian)能力。农(nong)担(dan)(dan)(dan)机构(gou)的(de)主要业(ye)(ye)务(wu)范围是(shi)(shi)“三(san)农(nong)”，主要服务(wu)对(dui)象是(shi)(shi)农(nong)业(ye)(ye)尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)粮食适度规模(mo)经营(ying)(ying)的(de)新型农(nong)业(ye)(ye)经营(ying)(ying)主体(ti)。农(nong)业(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)弱势(shi)产业(ye)(ye)和高(gao)风(feng)险(xian)产业(ye)(ye)，受自然环(huan)境(jing)、市(shi)(shi)场(chang)变化、个人行(xing)(xing)为等因素影(ying)响(xiang)较大，且农(nong)户缺(que)乏有效的(de)抵质押物(wu)，这些都导致农(nong)业(ye)(ye)信贷(dai)担(dan)(dan)(dan)保项(xiang)目风(feng)险(xian)较高(gao)。若采(cai)用其(qi)他两种模(mo)式，当担(dan)(dan)(dan)保项(xiang)目发生(sheng)代偿风(feng)险(xian)时，由于市(shi)(shi)县公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)或子公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)实(shi)行(xing)(xing)独立核(he)算(suan)、自负盈亏，只能以(yi)自身资产承(cheng)担(dan)(dan)(dan)责任，应对(dui)风(feng)险(xian)能力较弱。而在总(zong)-分公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)模(mo)式中，总(zong)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)与(yu)分公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)实(shi)行(xing)(xing)统一核(he)算(suan)，总(zong)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)以(yi)其(qi)规模(mo)更(geng)大的(de)资产对(dui)包括分公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)在内的(de)所有经营(ying)(ying)活(huo)动承(cheng)担(dan)(dan)(dan)责任，拥有更(geng)强(qiang)的(de)抗(kang)(kang)风(feng)险(xian)能力。

（四）有(you)利(li)于(yu)充(chong)分(fen)发(fa)挥(hui)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金使(shi)用(yong)(yong)效益。按(an)照国家有(you)关规(gui)(gui)定，融(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)性担(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)公(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)担(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)责任余(yu)额(e)(e)不得(de)超(chao)(chao)过(guo)其(qi)净(jing)(jing)(jing)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)10倍，对(dui)单(dan)(dan)个被担(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人提供的(de)(de)担(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)责任余(yu)额(e)(e)不得(de)超(chao)(chao)过(guo)其(qi)净(jing)(jing)(jing)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)10%。在担(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)放大(da)倍数既定的(de)(de)情(qing)况下，净(jing)(jing)(jing)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)规(gui)(gui)模成为担(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)机构服务农业(ye)(ye)能力的(de)(de)主要制约因素(su)。其(qi)他两种模式(shi)(shi)下单(dan)(dan)独设立的(de)(de)市县(xian)公(gong)司(si)和子(zi)公(gong)司(si)净(jing)(jing)(jing)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)规(gui)(gui)模都比较小(xiao)，无论是单(dan)(dan)笔(bi)业(ye)(ye)务还(hai)是担(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)总额(e)(e)，都将受(shou)限于(yu)净(jing)(jing)(jing)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)规(gui)(gui)模，难以满足(zu)大(da)额(e)(e)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金需求。若本(ben)区域(yu)内担(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)需求过(guo)小(xiao)，则有(you)可(ke)(ke)能导致部(bu)分(fen)净(jing)(jing)(jing)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)闲置，使(shi)净(jing)(jing)(jing)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)利(li)用(yong)(yong)率不足(zu)。而(er)采用(yong)(yong)总-分(fen)公(gong)司(si)运行模式(shi)(shi)，是以总公(gong)司(si)净(jing)(jing)(jing)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)开展担(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)业(ye)(ye)务，总公(gong)司(si)净(jing)(jing)(jing)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)远大(da)于(yu)市县(xian)公(gong)司(si)和子(zi)公(gong)司(si)净(jing)(jing)(jing)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)，因此，分(fen)公(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)担(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)总额(e)(e)及单(dan)(dan)笔(bi)业(ye)(ye)务规(gui)(gui)模远大(da)于(yu)省(sheng)-市县(xian)公(gong)司(si)和母(mu)-子(zi)公(gong)司(si)模式(shi)(shi)，能够(gou)最大(da)限度地满足(zu)客(ke)户需求，且可(ke)(ke)以在全(quan)省(sheng)范围内对(dui)担(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)需求进行统(tong)筹考虑，并统(tong)一管控业(ye)(ye)务、统(tong)一配置资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源，因此能够(gou)很好地避免净(jing)(jing)(jing)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)短(duan)缺或利(li)用(yong)(yong)率不足(zu)的(de)(de)情(qing)况，从而(er)使(shi)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金使(shi)用(yong)(yong)效益得(de)到更加充(chong)分(fen)的(de)(de)发(fa)挥(hui)。以我(wo)省(sheng)为例(li)，我(wo)省(sheng)农担(dan)(dan)公(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)注册资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)金为40亿(yi)元(yuan)，按(an)照政策规(gui)(gui)定，最多可(ke)(ke)完成担(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)融(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)总额(e)(e)400亿(yi)元(yuan)，单(dan)(dan)笔(bi)担(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)项目融(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金额(e)(e)上(shang)限可(ke)(ke)达4亿(yi)元(yuan)，能够(gou)最大(da)限度地覆盖(gai)和填补农业(ye)(ye)发(fa)展资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金缺口(kou)。

（五(wu)）有利于节约人(ren)(ren)(ren)力资(zi)源。在省-市(shi)县公(gong)司(si)(si)和(he)母-子公(gong)司(si)(si)的模式(shi)中，每个市(shi)县机构独立(li)管(guan)(guan)理(li)、独立(li)经(jing)营，麻雀虽小五(wu)脏俱全(quan)，各(ge)公(gong)司(si)(si)都需建立(li)完善的法(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)治理(li)结构，配备齐全(quan)各(ge)类职能部(bu)门和(he)工作人(ren)(ren)(ren)员(yuan)。我省采(cai)用(yong)总-分(fen)公(gong)司(si)(si)模式(shi)，每个分(fen)公(gong)司(si)(si)在成(cheng)立(li)初(chu)期只配备5人(ren)(ren)(ren)，包(bao)括分(fen)公(gong)司(si)(si)经(jing)理(li)1人(ren)(ren)(ren)、担保业务(wu)经(jing)理(li)AB角2人(ren)(ren)(ren)、内勤(qin)1人(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)外勤(qin)1人(ren)(ren)(ren)（业务(wu)全(quan)面开展后将根据实际工作需求(qiu)相应增加人(ren)(ren)(ren)员(yuan)，但增加人(ren)(ren)(ren)员(yuan)仅限于担保业务(wu)经(jing)理(li)），而(er)风险防控、人(ren)(ren)(ren)力资(zi)源、财务(wu)会(hui)计、审计监察、信息技术(shu)等工作均(jun)由(you)总公(gong)司(si)(si)统一管(guan)(guan)理(li)。这种体制不论对全(quan)社会(hui)还是对公(gong)司(si)(si)自身来讲，都节省了大量(liang)的人(ren)(ren)(ren)力资(zi)源，降低了管(guan)(guan)理(li)成(cheng)本，企业可以实现扁平(ping)化管(guan)(guan)理(li)、提高运营效(xiao)率。

（六）有(you)利(li)于提高(gao)决策科(ke)(ke)(ke)学(xue)(xue)化水(shui)平。吉林省(sheng)(sheng)省(sheng)(sheng)会长(zhang)春市(shi)是全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)的经(jing)济、政(zheng)治、科(ke)(ke)(ke)教和文化中(zhong)心，教育基础雄厚，人才(cai)资源充沛，其他(ta)市(shi)县则(ze)经(jing)济相对(dui)落(luo)后，人才(cai)较为缺乏。省(sheng)(sheng)农(nong)担(dan)(dan)机构在筹备组建过程中(zhong)，设在长(zhang)春市(shi)的总公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)很容(rong)易(yi)招(zhao)录(lu)到“985”或“211”的大学(xue)(xue)本科(ke)(ke)(ke)及以上(shang)(shang)毕业(ye)生，这些人员(yuan)素质相对(dui)较高(gao)、能(neng)力相对(dui)较强(qiang)，可(ke)以高(gao)质量、高(gao)效率(lv)地(di)完成(cheng)各项工作。分公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)对(dui)担(dan)(dan)保项目(mu)进(jin)行(xing)(xing)初(chu)审提报(bao)后，由总公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)进(jin)行(xing)(xing)把关审定，一定程度上(shang)(shang)能(neng)够避免决策失误(wu)。若农(nong)担(dan)(dan)体系组织(zhi)结(jie)构采用省(sheng)(sheng)-市(shi)县公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)或母-子公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)模式，受人员(yuan)流动(dong)总体趋势影(ying)响，设在市(shi)县的公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)有(you)的连全(quan)日制大学(xue)(xue)本科(ke)(ke)(ke)毕业(ye)生都很难招(zhao)到。由于人员(yuan)素质相对(dui)较低、能(neng)力水(shui)平有(you)限，必然增(zeng)加决策失误(wu)的可(ke)能(neng)性。

（七）有(you)(you)利于(yu)实现(xian)企业(ye)资(zi)源共(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)。总(zong)(zong)-分(fen)(fen)(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)运行模式有(you)(you)利于(yu)总(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)利用(yong)信息(xi)技术搭(da)建起覆盖全省农(nong)担(dan)体系的统一(yi)的工(gong)(gong)作、学(xue)(xue)习、交(jiao)流和(he)信息(xi)共(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)平(ping)(ping)台(tai)。总(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)和(he)分(fen)(fen)(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)的所有(you)(you)人员在该(gai)(gai)(gai)平(ping)(ping)台(tai)上既可(ke)(ke)以相互(hu)学(xue)(xue)习、取长(zhang)补短(duan)，又可(ke)(ke)以交(jiao)换各种(zhong)信息(xi)、实现(xian)资(zi)源共(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)，如工(gong)(gong)作经(jing)验、业(ye)务知识、客(ke)(ke)户(hu)信用(yong)数据等，能(neng)够大(da)力促进(jin)总(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)和(he)分(fen)(fen)(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)便(bian)捷、高效地开展管理、经(jing)营活动。若采用(yong)省-市县(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)或(huo)母-子公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)模式，各公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)之间相对独立，增大(da)了相互(hu)学(xue)(xue)习、交(jiao)流和(he)资(zi)源分(fen)(fen)(fen)享(xiang)的难度，可(ke)(ke)能(neng)会造成工(gong)(gong)作不便(bian)，甚至带来(lai)一(yi)定风险。例如，一(yi)个客(ke)(ke)户(hu)在某(mou)市县(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)办理业(ye)务时(shi)发生违(wei)约行为，或(huo)存(cun)(cun)在其他信用(yong)瑕(xia)疵，由于(yu)该(gai)(gai)(gai)客(ke)(ke)户(hu)信用(yong)数据不能(neng)在全省范围内实现(xian)共(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)或(huo)不能(neng)及时(shi)共(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)，省内其他市县(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)一(yi)时(shi)难以了解该(gai)(gai)(gai)客(ke)(ke)户(hu)的相关情况，有(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)继续为该(gai)(gai)(gai)客(ke)(ke)户(hu)提供担(dan)保服务。而总(zong)(zong)-分(fen)(fen)(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)运行模式下的资(zi)源共(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)平(ping)(ping)台(tai)则可(ke)(ke)以及时(shi)、全面、高效地进(jin)行数据整理、存(cun)(cun)储与传送(song)，大(da)幅减少企业(ye)信息(xi)盲点、降低(di)企业(ye)经(jing)营风险。

（八(ba)）有利(li)于避免市县(xian)(xian)行政(zheng)干(gan)预。省-市县(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)或(huo)母-子公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)下的市县(xian)(xian)机(ji)(ji)构，不可避免地(di)会(hui)与所在(zai)地(di)政(zheng)府及财(cai)政(zheng)、农业(ye)、工商、税务(wu)等相关职能(neng)部门(men)产(chan)生较多关联关系，在(zai)管理(li)决策(ce)、人员(yuan)任用、业(ye)务(wu)开(kai)展、项(xiang)目审批(pi)上(shang)容易受到(dao)市县(xian)(xian)的行政(zheng)干(gan)预和影(ying)响，增加权力寻(xun)租风险，影(ying)响企业(ye)良(liang)性发展。总(zong)-分公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)运行模(mo)式(shi)(shi)下，分公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)的人事管理(li)、财(cai)务(wu)审批(pi)、项(xiang)目决策(ce)均由(you)总(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)负责，不受市县(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府的干(gan)预和制约，可以全(quan)(quan)力以赴回(hui)归业(ye)务(wu)本位，更好地(di)保证担保项(xiang)目审查的客观(guan)和公(gong)(gong)(gong)正(zheng)，能(neng)够使全(quan)(quan)省农担体(ti)(ti)系真(zhen)正(zheng)做(zuo)到(dao)管理(li)、财(cai)务(wu)、业(ye)务(wu)和队伍(wu)建设等方面自上(shang)而下自成一体(ti)(ti)，切实(shi)保障(zhang)农担机(ji)(ji)构的独立性。

（九）有(you)(you)利(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)增强(qiang)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)业(ye)(ye)话(hua)语权。相比(bi)于(yu)(yu)其他(ta)两种模式下(xia)市县机(ji)构的(de)(de)(de)(de)“单(dan)打(da)独斗”，总(zong)-分公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)运行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)模式下(xia)构建起的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)农(nong)担(dan)体系(xi)是一个内(nei)部关系(xi)更(geng)加紧(jin)密的(de)(de)(de)(de)牢不可(ke)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)共同(tong)体，总(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)及其分公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)凭借规(gui)模大(da)、实力强(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)优(you)势，在(zai)(zai)(zai)担(dan)保(bao)业(ye)(ye)内(nei)会获得明显的(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)业(ye)(ye)话(hua)语权，对维护公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)和客户(hu)利(li)(li)(li)益、赢得银(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)机(ji)构等合作伙伴认同(tong)、提(ti)升社会影响力具有(you)(you)重要(yao)意义(yi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)降低银(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)贷款(kuan)利(li)(li)(li)率、提(ti)高银(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)风险分担(dan)比(bi)例(li)(li)(li)、减少或取(qu)消担(dan)保(bao)机(ji)构保(bao)证金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)缴(jiao)存、放大(da)担(dan)保(bao)倍数等方面都容易争取(qu)到更(geng)多优(you)惠(hui)，既有(you)(you)利(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)农(nong)担(dan)机(ji)构发(fa)(fa)展壮大(da)，也(ye)有(you)(you)利(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)客户(hu)获得更(geng)大(da)利(li)(li)(li)益。例(li)(li)(li)如，我省(sheng)(sheng)农(nong)担(dan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)与国(guo)(guo)(guo)家开发(fa)(fa)银(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)吉林分行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)进(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)合作的(de)(de)(de)(de)过(guo)程中(zhong)，一开始省(sheng)(sheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)开行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)提(ti)出风险共担(dan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)全(quan)国(guo)(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)开行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)系(xi)统没有(you)(you)先例(li)(li)(li)，但在(zai)(zai)(zai)合作洽谈中(zhong)，省(sheng)(sheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)开行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)考虑到农(nong)担(dan)体系(xi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)省(sheng)(sheng)内(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)规(gui)模和影响，最(zui)终同(tong)意承担(dan)10%的(de)(de)(de)(de)风险。又如，我省(sheng)(sheng)九台农(nong)村商业(ye)(ye)银(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)对我公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)该行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)存款(kuan)实行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)4%的(de)(de)(de)(de)优(you)惠(hui)利(li)(li)(li)率，且按季度(du)结息、计(ji)算(suan)复(fu)利(li)(li)(li)，这都是很难(nan)得的(de)(de)(de)(de)优(you)惠(hui)政(zheng)策。

（十(shi)）有利(li)于(yu)加强(qiang)企(qi)业(ye)员(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)队伍建设。采用(yong)总(zong)-分(fen)(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)运行模(mo)式(shi)组建的全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)农担体(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，各分(fen)(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)人员(yuan)(yuan)均(jun)由总(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)招聘和(he)(he)管理，办公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)场所设计(ji)装修(xiu)、企(qi)业(ye)视觉识(shi)别、员(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)职场形象(xiang)、企(qi)业(ye)文体(ti)(ti)活动等均(jun)由公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)统一安排，员(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)不管是在总(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)还是分(fen)(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)，都(dou)归属(shu)(shu)于(yu)规模(mo)庞大、实力(li)强(qiang)劲的吉林农担体(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，且总(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)会酌情进行人员(yuan)(yuan)在总(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)与分(fen)(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)之间的上(shang)下流(liu)动和(he)(he)分(fen)(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)与分(fen)(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)之间的横向交流(liu)，全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)上(shang)下形成一个组织联(lian)系(xi)(xi)紧密、文化理念(nian)一致的集体(ti)(ti)。这无疑(yi)会增强(qiang)员(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)的认同感、归属(shu)(shu)感、安全(quan)(quan)感和(he)(he)自豪(hao)感，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)农担体(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)的凝聚力(li)、向心(xin)力(li)和(he)(he)战斗力(li)，更好(hao)地吸(xi)纳(na)人才、稳定队伍，并能(neng)拓宽(kuan)员(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)的发展平台，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)员(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)的工(gong)作积极性和(he)(he)主动性，进而提(ti)高(gao)(gao)企(qi)业(ye)运营效(xiao)率(lv)。这是其他两种模(mo)式(shi)无法比拟的。

三种(zhong)农(nong)担体系运行模式(shi)在(zai)上述十方面(mian)的优势比较如表2所(suo)示。

表2  省级(ji)以下农担(dan)体系三种(zhong)运行模式优势比较

需要(yao)指出的(de)是，在(zai)(zai)母(mu)(mu)(mu)-子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)模式中(zhong)，由于子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)为母(mu)(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)投资(zi)设(she)立(li)，一(yi)(yi)定(ding)程(cheng)度上(shang)受母(mu)(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)控制，因此各(ge)子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)母(mu)(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)领(ling)导和影响(xiang)下，也能在(zai)(zai)执行担保政策和企业(ye)(ye)员(yuan)工队伍(wu)建设(she)方面达到(dao)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)统(tong)一(yi)(yi)度，在(zai)(zai)企业(ye)(ye)资(zi)源(yuan)共享方面也拥(yong)有(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)便捷性，但子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)从(cong)本质上(shang)讲是独立(li)的(de)企业(ye)(ye)法(fa)人(ren)，自(zi)(zi)主经营、独立(li)核(he)算(suan)、自(zi)(zi)负(fu)盈亏，因此，这种统(tong)一(yi)(yi)度和便捷性必(bi)然会(hui)受到(dao)限制。

三、总-分公(gong)司运(yun)行(xing)模式的(de)劣(lie)势(shi)及我(wo)省的(de)应对(dui)措施

（一）总-分公司运(yun)行(xing)模(mo)式(shi)相比于其(qi)他(ta)两种模(mo)式(shi)的(de)劣势。总-分公司运(yun)行(xing)模(mo)式(shi)虽然具备十方面其(qi)他(ta)两种模(mo)式(shi)难以达到的(de)优势，但也难免存在(zai)(zai)固(gu)有的(de)劣势，主要体现(xian)在(zai)(zai)两个方面：

1.决(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)链(lian)条(tiao)较(jiao)长(zhang)(zhang)。在省(sheng)(sheng)-市县公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)和母-子公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)模(mo)式中，市县公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)地位独立、自主经营，拥有(you)独立的(de)管理权(quan)、决(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)权(quan)，管理、决(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)等活动在本公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)内(nei)部完成，不(bu)必通过省(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)或母公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)，决(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)链(lian)条(tiao)短(duan)、决(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)速(su)度(du)快，对(dui)(dui)(dui)市场(chang)变化能(neng)做出快速(su)应对(dui)(dui)(dui)。而总(zong)-分(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)运行模(mo)式中，分(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)没有(you)决(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)权(quan)，经营、管理等事(shi)项需要上报总(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)，由(you)总(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)完成最终决(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)，这(zhei)无(wu)疑拉(la)长(zhang)(zhang)了决(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)链(lian)条(tiao)、降低了决(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)速(su)度(du)，不(bu)利于及(ji)时应对(dui)(dui)(dui)市场(chang)变化。

2.信(xin)息(xi)传送递(di)(di)减(jian)。人们在(zai)(zai)传递(di)(di)信(xin)息(xi)的(de)过程中，信(xin)息(xi)量存在(zai)(zai)递(di)(di)减(jian)现(xian)象(xiang)。省(sheng)-市(shi)县公(gong)司和母-子公(gong)司模式(shi)下的(de)市(shi)县机构自主经营、独立(li)决(jue)策(ce)(ce)(ce)，实地调(diao)研(yan)(yan)信(xin)息(xi)向(xiang)决(jue)策(ce)(ce)(ce)管理(li)层的(de)传递(di)(di)路径短(duan)、传递(di)(di)次数少，甚至由决(jue)策(ce)(ce)(ce)者亲(qin)自调(diao)研(yan)(yan)，所以(yi)一(yi)(yi)般不(bu)会发(fa)生(sheng)或很少发(fa)生(sheng)信(xin)息(xi)递(di)(di)减(jian)，全面、准确地掌握一(yi)(yi)手信(xin)息(xi)也(ye)会提(ti)高决(jue)策(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)有效(xiao)性。而在(zai)(zai)总-分(fen)公(gong)司运行模式(shi)下，分(fen)公(gong)司完成(cheng)现(xian)场调(diao)研(yan)(yan)后，需(xu)形成(cheng)调(diao)研(yan)(yan)报(bao)告上报(bao)至总公(gong)司决(jue)策(ce)(ce)(ce)层，信(xin)息(xi)传递(di)(di)路径较长、传递(di)(di)次数较多，且由于现(xian)场调(diao)研(yan)(yan)人员(yuan)或调(diao)研(yan)(yan)报(bao)告写作人员(yuan)的(de)工作能力、业务(wu)素质(zhi)等因(yin)素限制，在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)手信(xin)息(xi)的(de)收集(ji)、整(zheng)理(li)过程中难(nan)免发(fa)生(sheng)信(xin)息(xi)丢失(shi)，导(dao)致(zhi)总公(gong)司决(jue)策(ce)(ce)(ce)者掌握到(dao)(dao)的(de)信(xin)息(xi)在(zai)(zai)全面性和准确性上受(shou)到(dao)(dao)影响，从而产(chan)生(sheng)决(jue)策(ce)(ce)(ce)失(shi)准的(de)可能。

（二(er)）我省(sheng)的(de)应对措施。针(zhen)对总-分公司运行模式的(de)两方面劣(lie)势，我省(sheng)将充分利用现(xian)代科技(ji)手段，不断(duan)完善工作制度(du)机制，以(yi)期弥补不足、克服局(ju)限(xian)、规避劣(lie)势，大力提(ti)高决(jue)策(ce)速度(du)和(he)决(jue)策(ce)准确性。

1.建(jian)(jian)设信(xin)(xin)息(xi)平(ping)台(tai)，以(yi)科技手段促(cu)(cu)进流程(cheng)简(jian)(jian)化和(he)(he)(he)效(xiao)率提(ti)高。随(sui)着互联(lian)网(wang)科技的(de)(de)(de)(de)飞(fei)速发展，企业(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)化建(jian)(jian)设已成为(wei)(wei)现代(dai)企业(ye)(ye)发展的(de)(de)(de)(de)关(guan)键因素。我省(sheng)农(nong)担公司(si)力争在较短的(de)(de)(de)(de)时(shi)间(jian)内利用计算机网(wang)络系(xi)统(tong)和(he)(he)(he)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)技术建(jian)(jian)立起覆盖全省(sheng)农(nong)担体(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)集管(guan)理(li)、业(ye)(ye)务(wu)、交(jiao)流于一(yi)(yi)体(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)平(ping)台(tai)，该平(ping)台(tai)以(yi)公司(si)特点、管(guan)理(li)流程(cheng)、业(ye)(ye)务(wu)需求为(wei)(wei)依据，以(yi)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)资源管(guan)理(li)为(wei)(wei)核心(xin)(xin)，以(yi)网(wang)络系(xi)统(tong)和(he)(he)(he)数据中心(xin)(xin)为(wei)(wei)支撑(cheng)(cheng)，以(yi)实现信(xin)(xin)息(xi)一(yi)(yi)体(ti)化、管(guan)控一(yi)(yi)体(ti)化为(wei)(wei)目(mu)标。平(ping)台(tai)对(dui)全省(sheng)业(ye)(ye)务(wu)进行统(tong)一(yi)(yi)管(guan)理(li)，可以(yi)快速、批量、高效(xiao)地(di)处理(li)担保(bao)(bao)项目(mu)，并(bing)实时(shi)督办、监控项目(mu)，为(wei)(wei)项目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)前审核、保(bao)(bao)后跟(gen)踪以(yi)及全省(sheng)农(nong)担体(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)整体(ti)调控、分析和(he)(he)(he)决策提(ti)供有(you)力支撑(cheng)(cheng)，从而极大(da)地(di)促(cu)(cu)进管(guan)理(li)流程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)简(jian)(jian)化和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)作效(xiao)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高，达到既能加快决策速度和(he)(he)(he)市场反应(ying)速度，又能提(ti)升客户(hu)满(man)意度的(de)(de)(de)(de)双重目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

2.完善工作制(zhi)度(du)，以(yi)制(zhi)度(du)约束克服信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)传(chuan)送递减。一是(shi)(shi)规(gui)范分(fen)公司相关制(zhi)度(du)。严格原(yuan)(yuan)始数据(ju)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)整理报(bao)送要求，制(zhi)定(ding)统(tong)一的(de)(de)(de)保前(qian)尽职调(diao)查(cha)(cha)内容和标(biao)准以(yi)及(ji)统(tong)一的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)采(cai)(cai)集、录入、上报(bao)流程和标(biao)准，总公司进(jin)行(xing)定(ding)期检查(cha)(cha)和随机(ji)(ji)抽查(cha)(cha)，确保调(diao)研(yan)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)获取(qu)、记(ji)录、报(bao)送的(de)(de)(de)准确性(xing)、完整性(xing)和规(gui)范性(xing)。二是(shi)(shi)完善总公司决策(ce)制(zhi)度(du)。建立(li)项目初(chu)审(shen)、复审(shen)、审(shen)定(ding)分(fen)离(li)的(de)(de)(de)工作机(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，严格审(shen)核流程，除对分(fen)公司上报(bao)的(de)(de)(de)调(diao)研(yan)报(bao)告(gao)进(jin)行(xing)审(shen)核外，对分(fen)公司上报(bao)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)始数据(ju)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)也要认真梳理，并将其作为最(zui)终(zhong)决策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)重要考量依据(ju)。三是(shi)(shi)利用(yong)现(xian)(xian)代科技手(shou)段。通(tong)(tong)过视频(pin)、音频(pin)、测量、测绘、地理定(ding)位以(yi)及(ji)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)采(cai)(cai)集与实时(shi)传(chuan)送等电子设备，实现(xian)(xian)对调(diao)研(yan)的(de)(de)(de)现(xian)(xian)场情况和一手(shou)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)面、准确掌握；通(tong)(tong)过覆盖全(quan)省农担体系的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)理平台(tai)，实现(xian)(xian)调(diao)研(yan)原(yuan)(yuan)始数据(ju)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)及(ji)时(shi)录入、上传(chuan)和使用(yong)。

作者信息(xi)

山昌文：吉林省农业(ye)信贷担保有限(xian)公司董事长，高级会计师，邮箱ccscw@163.com，手机15943000078。