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摘要：一省(sheng)范围内的(de)(de)(de)农业(ye)(ye)(ye)信贷(dai)担(dan)保(bao)体系可(ke)以(yi)选择省(sheng)-市(shi)县公(gong)司(si)(si)、母-子公(gong)司(si)(si)、总-分(fen)公(gong)司(si)(si)三种(zhong)模(mo)式(shi)。采用总-分(fen)公(gong)司(si)(si)模(mo)式(shi)在(zai)以(yi)下十(shi)个方面具(ju)有其他两种(zhong)模(mo)式(shi)难(nan)以(yi)企(qi)及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)优势(shi)(shi)：灵活精准执行(xing)国家规定、便于(yu)实(shi)行(xing)统(tong)一担(dan)保(bao)政(zheng)策、增强抗风险能力、充(chong)分(fen)发挥资金使用效益、节约(yue)人(ren)力资源(yuan)、提高决(jue)策科学化(hua)水平、充(chong)分(fen)实(shi)现企(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)资源(yuan)共享、避(bi)(bi)免市(shi)县行(xing)政(zheng)干(gan)预、增强行(xing)业(ye)(ye)(ye)话语(yu)权(quan)、有利于(yu)加强企(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)员工(gong)队伍建设(she)。毋庸讳言，总-分(fen)公(gong)司(si)(si)模(mo)式(shi)也存在(zai)决(jue)策链条(tiao)较长(zhang)、信息传送递减的(de)(de)(de)先天(tian)劣势(shi)(shi)，但通过建立(li)覆盖全省(sheng)农业(ye)(ye)(ye)信贷(dai)担(dan)保(bao)体系的(de)(de)(de)信息管(guan)理平台，不断完(wan)善(shan)工(gong)作制度机(ji)制，可(ke)以(yi)有效规避(bi)(bi)这些劣势(shi)(shi)。因此(ci)，总-分(fen)公(gong)司(si)(si)模(mo)式(shi)是适合(he)省(sheng)级以(yi)下农业(ye)(ye)(ye)信贷(dai)担(dan)保(bao)体系的(de)(de)(de)科学合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)运行(xing)模(mo)式(shi)。

“现(xian)代(dai)管理(li)学之父”彼得·德鲁克(ke)曾(ceng)经(jing)说(shuo)过：“结(jie)构(gou)(gou)(gou)是一种用以(yi)(yi)(yi)实(shi)现(xian)组(zu)织(zhi)(zhi)的(de)方式(shi)，关于组(zu)织(zhi)(zhi)结(jie)构(gou)(gou)(gou)设置的(de)一切必须以(yi)(yi)(yi)组(zu)织(zhi)(zhi)的(de)目标和(he)战略为出发(fa)点。”科(ke)学合理(li)的(de)组(zu)织(zhi)(zhi)结(jie)构(gou)(gou)(gou)能够优化企(qi)业(ye)资源(yuan)分配，提高企(qi)业(ye)管理(li)效(xiao)率，在企(qi)业(ye)发(fa)展进程(cheng)中发(fa)挥着不可替代(dai)的(de)基础性作用。农(nong)(nong)业(ye)信(xin)贷(dai)(dai)担(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)体(ti)系(xi)(xi)（以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)简称农(nong)(nong)担(dan)(dan)体(ti)系(xi)(xi)）组(zu)织(zhi)(zhi)结(jie)构(gou)(gou)(gou)，是体(ti)系(xi)(xi)内各农(nong)(nong)业(ye)信(xin)贷(dai)(dai)担(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)机(ji)构(gou)(gou)(gou)（以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)简称农(nong)(nong)担(dan)(dan)机(ji)构(gou)(gou)(gou)）之间的(de)构(gou)(gou)(gou)成方式(shi)和(he)相互关系(xi)(xi)，对于农(nong)(nong)担(dan)(dan)机(ji)构(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)良好经(jing)营(ying)、农(nong)(nong)担(dan)(dan)体(ti)系(xi)(xi)的(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)运行以(yi)(yi)(yi)及国家政策目标的(de)准确实(shi)现(xian)具有(you)(you)重(zhong)要影响。因(yin)此，选择何种运行模式(shi)，就成为建(jian)立健全农(nong)(nong)担(dan)(dan)体(ti)系(xi)(xi)不得不考虑的(de)重(zhong)要问题(ti)。

一、省级以下农担体(ti)系可以采用(yong)的运行模式

按照财政部(bu)(bu)、农业(ye)部(bu)(bu)、银监会(hui)印发(fa)的(de)《关(guan)于(yu)财政支持建立(li)农业(ye)信贷担保体系(xi)的(de)指导意见(jian)》（财农[2015]121号，以(yi)(yi)下简称《指导意见(jian)》）中建立(li)健(jian)全农担体系(xi)有关(guan)精神，各省、自治区(qu)、直辖市（以(yi)(yi)下简称省）的(de)农担体系(xi)可以(yi)(yi)采用以(yi)(yi)下三种运(yun)行(xing)模式：

1.省-市县(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)模(mo)(mo)式：分别(bie)设立(li)(li)(li)省公司(si)与市县(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)。该模(mo)(mo)式是指(zhi)分别(bie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)省级和(he)市县(xian)(xian)(xian)级建立(li)(li)(li)由财(cai)政支持的(de)独(du)立(li)(li)(li)法人(ren)农(nong)担机构(gou)。省公司(si)可依据相关(guan)政策对市县(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)进行业(ye)务指(zhi)导(dao)，但省公司(si)与市县(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)均为(wei)相互(hu)独(du)立(li)(li)(li)的(de)企业(ye)法人(ren)，之(zhi)间(jian)不存在(zai)(zai)(zai)隶属关(guan)系，在(zai)(zai)(zai)财(cai)务管理(li)、会计核算、业(ye)务经营、人(ren)事(shi)管理(li)、产权关(guan)系、法律责任(ren)等方面拥(yong)有(you)独(du)立(li)(li)(li)地位。省公司(si)与市县(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)同(tong)业(ye)竞争(zheng)关(guan)系，省公司(si)可以(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)全省范围内开展业(ye)务，市县(xian)(xian)(xian)公司(si)只能在(zai)(zai)(zai)本市县(xian)(xian)(xian)区域内经营。

2.母-子(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)：母公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)在(zai)市(shi)县投(tou)资(zi)(zi)设立(li)子(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)。该(gai)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)是指在(zai)省级建立(li)农担(dan)机构，即(ji)母公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)，然(ran)(ran)后由母公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)在(zai)市(shi)县投(tou)资(zi)(zi)设立(li)子(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)。母公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)拥(yong)有子(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)部股份并(bing)实(shi)际控制子(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)，对(dui)子(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重大事项(xiang)拥(yong)有实(shi)际决定(ding)权，能够决定(ding)子(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)内部机构的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)组成。子(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)虽然(ran)(ran)处于受(shou)母公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)实(shi)际控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地位(wei)，在(zai)一定(ding)程(cheng)度(du)上受(shou)母公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制约(yue)和管理(li)(li)，但仍然(ran)(ran)是一个具(ju)有独立(li)法人资(zi)(zi)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企业(ye)，其拥(yong)有自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)名称(cheng)、章程(cheng)、财产(chan)和经(jing)营(ying)(ying)决策机构，以(yi)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名义从事经(jing)营(ying)(ying)活动(dong)，实(shi)行独立(li)核算、自(zi)负(fu)盈亏，并(bing)以(yi)自(zi)身资(zi)(zi)产(chan)独立(li)承担(dan)民事责任，与母公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)互不连带。母公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)、子(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)各为独立(li)法人，母公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)对(dui)子(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)仅是不同企业(ye)法人之(zhi)间的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)产(chan)权管理(li)(li)，遵循投(tou)资(zi)(zi)者与被投(tou)资(zi)(zi)者之(zhi)间的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)组织原则。

3.总(zong)(zong)(zong)-分公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)模(mo)式：总(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)在市县(xian)设立(li)(li)分公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)。该(gai)模(mo)式是指(zhi)在省(sheng)级建立(li)(li)农担(dan)机构(gou)，即(ji)总(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)，总(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)在市县(xian)设立(li)(li)分支机构(gou)，即(ji)分公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)。总(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)对分公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)在日常(chang)经营(ying)、资(zi)金(jin)调度、人(ren)事(shi)管(guan)理(li)(li)等方(fang)面行使统一(yi)(yi)决(jue)(jue)策、指(zhi)挥、管(guan)理(li)(li)和(he)监督权，总(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)具有(you)(you)法(fa)人(ren)资(zi)格(ge)，独(du)(du)立(li)(li)承(cheng)担(dan)民(min)事(shi)责任(ren)(ren)，并(bing)以自身全部资(zi)产对分公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)承(cheng)担(dan)无限责任(ren)(ren)。分公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)没(mei)有(you)(you)自己的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)章程(cheng)，没(mei)有(you)(you)董事(shi)会等公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)经营(ying)决(jue)(jue)策机构(gou)，且(qie)没(mei)有(you)(you)独(du)(du)立(li)(li)财产，其实际占有(you)(you)、使用的(de)(de)财产列入总(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)资(zi)产负债表，分公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)在业务(wu)、资(zi)金(jin)、人(ren)事(shi)等方(fang)面受总(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)统一(yi)(yi)管(guan)理(li)(li)，在总(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)授权范围内运(yun)营(ying)，不具有(you)(you)法(fa)人(ren)资(zi)格(ge)，属于(yu)总(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)附属机构(gou)，不独(du)(du)立(li)(li)承(cheng)担(dan)民(min)事(shi)责任(ren)(ren)，其民(min)事(shi)责任(ren)(ren)由总(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)承(cheng)担(dan)。总(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)对分公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)是同一(yi)(yi)个企(qi)业内部的(de)(de)层(ceng)级行政管(guan)理(li)(li)，遵循上下级之间(jian)的(de)(de)组织原则(ze)。

上述三种模(mo)式的区别如表(biao)1所示。

表1  省(sheng)级以(yi)下农担(dan)体系三种运行模式(shi)特点(dian)比较(jiao)

二、总-分(fen)公司模式(shi)的比(bi)较优势

企业运(yun)行模(mo)(mo)式(shi)的设计以实现战(zhan)略(lve)规划、优化资(zi)源(yuan)配置(zhi)、强化核心能力、提高管(guan)理效率为原则，科(ke)学的运(yun)行模(mo)(mo)式(shi)与企业的战(zhan)略(lve)目标、发(fa)展(zhan)理念、行业属(shu)性、服务定位、业务范围等一脉相承。吉林省(sheng)农担(dan)体系(xi)之所以选择总(zong)-分公司的运(yun)行模(mo)(mo)式(shi)，是因为该模(mo)(mo)式(shi)具(ju)有(you)其(qi)他(ta)两(liang)种模(mo)(mo)式(shi)难以企及的十大优势(shi)。

（一(yi)）有(you)利于灵活精准(zhun)执(zhi)行(xing)国(guo)家规(gui)定(ding)。《指(zhi)导意见(jian)》中要(yao)(yao)求，“财政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)出资建立(li)的(de)(de)(de)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)信(xin)(xin)贷(dai)(dai)担(dan)保(bao)(bao)机(ji)构(gou)坚持政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策性(xing)(xing)、专(zhuan)业(ye)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)独立(li)性(xing)(xing)，必须专(zhuan)注于支持粮食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)经(jing)(jing)营(ying)(ying)和(he)(he)现代(dai)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，对从事粮食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)和(he)(he)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)适度(du)规(gui)模(mo)经(jing)(jing)营(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)新型经(jing)(jing)营(ying)(ying)主体(ti)的(de)(de)(de)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)信(xin)(xin)贷(dai)(dai)担(dan)保(bao)(bao)余(yu)额(e)不(bu)得低于总(zong)(zong)担(dan)保(bao)(bao)规(gui)模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)70%。”同时强调，“农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)信(xin)(xin)贷(dai)(dai)担(dan)保(bao)(bao)可以(yi)逐(zhu)步向农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)其他领域(yu)拓展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，并向与农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)直接(jie)相(xiang)关的(de)(de)(de)二(er)三产(chan)业(ye)延伸，促(cu)进(jin)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村一(yi)二(er)三产(chan)业(ye)融(rong)合(he)发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。”另外(wai)，各省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)融(rong)资性(xing)(xing)担(dan)保(bao)(bao)机(ji)构(gou)监管部(bu)门对此也有(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策要(yao)(yao)求。采用总(zong)(zong)-分(fen)公司运行(xing)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)，全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)担(dan)体(ti)系是一(yi)个整(zheng)体(ti)，可以(yi)在整(zheng)体(ti)层面上(shang)(shang)执(zhi)行(xing)国(guo)家及省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策要(yao)(yao)求，同时在省(sheng)(sheng)内(nei)进(jin)行(xing)跨(kua)区域(yu)统筹规(gui)划、协调发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，因地(di)(di)(di)(di)制宜地(di)(di)(di)(di)安排各分(fen)公司的(de)(de)(de)业(ye)务(wu)(wu)(wu)领域(yu)和(he)(he)规(gui)模(mo)，从而更(geng)精准(zhun)、更(geng)切实(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)完成(cheng)国(guo)家政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策目标。例如，我省(sheng)(sheng)总(zong)(zong)公司在满足粮食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)和(he)(he)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)适度(du)规(gui)模(mo)经(jing)(jing)营(ying)(ying)信(xin)(xin)贷(dai)(dai)担(dan)保(bao)(bao)余(yu)额(e)不(bu)低于全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)总(zong)(zong)担(dan)保(bao)(bao)规(gui)模(mo)70%的(de)(de)(de)前提下(xia)，东部(bu)山(shan)(shan)区的(de)(de)(de)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)担(dan)机(ji)构(gou)可以(yi)将(jiang)业(ye)务(wu)(wu)(wu)领域(yu)更(geng)多(duo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)投(tou)向养殖和(he)(he)山(shan)(shan)野特产(chan)；中西部(bu)平原(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)区的(de)(de)(de)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)担(dan)机(ji)构(gou)可以(yi)将(jiang)业(ye)务(wu)(wu)(wu)领域(yu)更(geng)多(duo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)投(tou)向粮食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)；靠近大城市的(de)(de)(de)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)担(dan)机(ji)构(gou)则(ze)(ze)可以(yi)更(geng)多(duo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)开展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)涉农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)二(er)三产(chan)业(ye)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)贷(dai)(dai)担(dan)保(bao)(bao)。总(zong)(zong)公司在总(zong)(zong)体(ti)规(gui)划上(shang)(shang)进(jin)行(xing)强有(you)力的(de)(de)(de)掌控和(he)(he)管理(li)，既(ji)不(bu)会偏离国(guo)家要(yao)(yao)求，同时又(you)能(neng)更(geng)紧密地(di)(di)(di)(di)结合(he)各地(di)(di)(di)(di)实(shi)际(ji)开展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)业(ye)务(wu)(wu)(wu)，即原(yuan)则(ze)(ze)性(xing)(xing)与灵活性(xing)(xing)兼顾，促(cu)进(jin)全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)更(geng)好更(geng)快地(di)(di)(di)(di)发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。但若采用省(sheng)(sheng)-市县(xian)公司和(he)(he)母-子公司这两(liang)种模(mo)式(shi)(shi)，需要(yao)(yao)对市县(xian)机(ji)构(gou)按独立(li)企业(ye)进(jin)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策执(zhi)行(xing)情况的(de)(de)(de)考(kao)核，而各地(di)(di)(di)(di)农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)业(ye)发(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)情况差异较(jiao)大，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方则(ze)(ze)难以(yi)满足国(guo)家上(shang)(shang)述(shu)要(yao)(yao)求，势必影响业(ye)务(wu)(wu)(wu)开展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，进(jin)而降低财政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)支农(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策效应(ying)。

（二）有(you)利于实(shi)行统(tong)一担(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策。建立健(jian)全(quan)农(nong)担(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)体系，既(ji)是稳增长、促改革(ge)的重要部署，也是面向农(nong)村、服(fu)务农(nong)业(ye)、惠及农(nong)民(min)，化解(jie)“三(san)农(nong)”发(fa)展“融(rong)资(zi)难”、“融(rong)资(zi)贵(gui)”问题的重要举措。采(cai)用(yong)总-分公司这种(zhong)更为(wei)集权的管理(li)模(mo)式(shi)，便于在(zai)全(quan)省实(shi)行统(tong)一的担(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策，包括贷款利率、担(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)费率、担(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)程序(xu)等，客户(hu)无论(lun)在(zai)省内哪个区域申请担(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)服(fu)务，均(jun)(jun)可获(huo)得同样的担(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策，享受(shou)到普惠型均(jun)(jun)等服(fu)务，能有(you)效(xiao)避(bi)免地域因素导致(zhi)的机(ji)会(hui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)均(jun)(jun)等现象。而在(zai)其他两种(zhong)模(mo)式(shi)中，市(shi)县机(ji)构独立经(jing)营(ying)，拥有(you)更多自(zi)主(zhu)权，难以保(bao)证(zheng)业(ye)务政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策在(zai)全(quan)省范围内的统(tong)一，同样的客户(hu)位于不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同的市(shi)县，有(you)可能享受(shou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一样的担(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策，导致(zhi)机(ji)会(hui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)均(jun)(jun)等现象。

（三）有利于(yu)增强(qiang)抗风(feng)(feng)险(xian)(xian)能力。农(nong)(nong)担(dan)机(ji)构的(de)主要业(ye)务(wu)范围是(shi)“三农(nong)(nong)”，主要服(fu)务(wu)对象是(shi)农(nong)(nong)业(ye)尤其是(shi)粮食适度规模(mo)经(jing)营(ying)的(de)新型(xing)农(nong)(nong)业(ye)经(jing)营(ying)主体。农(nong)(nong)业(ye)是(shi)弱势产(chan)业(ye)和高风(feng)(feng)险(xian)(xian)产(chan)业(ye)，受自(zi)然环境、市(shi)场变化、个人行为等因素(su)影响(xiang)较(jiao)(jiao)大，且农(nong)(nong)户缺乏有效(xiao)的(de)抵质(zhi)押物(wu)，这(zhei)些都导致农(nong)(nong)业(ye)信贷担(dan)保项目风(feng)(feng)险(xian)(xian)较(jiao)(jiao)高。若采用其他两(liang)种(zhong)模(mo)式(shi)，当担(dan)保项目发(fa)生代(dai)偿风(feng)(feng)险(xian)(xian)时，由于(yu)市(shi)县公(gong)司(si)或子公(gong)司(si)实行独立核(he)算(suan)、自(zi)负盈亏，只能以自(zi)身资产(chan)承担(dan)责(ze)任，应对风(feng)(feng)险(xian)(xian)能力较(jiao)(jiao)弱。而在总(zong)(zong)-分(fen)公(gong)司(si)模(mo)式(shi)中，总(zong)(zong)公(gong)司(si)与分(fen)公(gong)司(si)实行统一核(he)算(suan)，总(zong)(zong)公(gong)司(si)以其规模(mo)更大的(de)资产(chan)对包括分(fen)公(gong)司(si)在内的(de)所有经(jing)营(ying)活动承担(dan)责(ze)任，拥(yong)有更强(qiang)的(de)抗风(feng)(feng)险(xian)(xian)能力。

（四）有(you)利于(yu)充(chong)分(fen)发挥(hui)资金使用效益(yi)。按照国家有(you)关(guan)规(gui)(gui)定，融资性担(dan)(dan)保(bao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的(de)担(dan)(dan)保(bao)责任余额(e)不得(de)超(chao)过其净(jing)(jing)(jing)资产(chan)的(de)10倍，对(dui)单(dan)个(ge)被担(dan)(dan)保(bao)人提供的(de)担(dan)(dan)保(bao)责任余额(e)不得(de)超(chao)过其净(jing)(jing)(jing)资产(chan)的(de)10%。在担(dan)(dan)保(bao)放大倍数(shu)既定的(de)情况下，净(jing)(jing)(jing)资产(chan)规(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)成为担(dan)(dan)保(bao)机构服务(wu)农业(ye)能(neng)力的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)制约(yue)因素(su)。其他两种模(mo)(mo)式(shi)下单(dan)独设(she)立的(de)市县(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)和子公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)净(jing)(jing)(jing)资产(chan)规(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)都(dou)(dou)比(bi)较小，无论是单(dan)笔业(ye)务(wu)还是担(dan)(dan)保(bao)总(zong)(zong)额(e)，都(dou)(dou)将受限(xian)(xian)于(yu)净(jing)(jing)(jing)资产(chan)规(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)，难以(yi)满足(zu)大额(e)资金需求。若本区域内担(dan)(dan)保(bao)需求过小，则有(you)可能(neng)导致部分(fen)净(jing)(jing)(jing)资产(chan)闲置(zhi)，使净(jing)(jing)(jing)资产(chan)利用率(lv)不足(zu)。而(er)采(cai)用总(zong)(zong)-分(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)运行模(mo)(mo)式(shi)，是以(yi)总(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)净(jing)(jing)(jing)资产(chan)开展担(dan)(dan)保(bao)业(ye)务(wu)，总(zong)(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)净(jing)(jing)(jing)资产(chan)远(yuan)(yuan)大于(yu)市县(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)和子公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)净(jing)(jing)(jing)资产(chan)，因此，分(fen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的(de)担(dan)(dan)保(bao)总(zong)(zong)额(e)及单(dan)笔业(ye)务(wu)规(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)远(yuan)(yuan)大于(yu)省(sheng)-市县(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)和母-子公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)，能(neng)够(gou)(gou)最大限(xian)(xian)度地满足(zu)客户需求，且可以(yi)在全省(sheng)范围内对(dui)担(dan)(dan)保(bao)需求进(jin)行统(tong)(tong)筹考虑(lv)，并统(tong)(tong)一管(guan)控业(ye)务(wu)、统(tong)(tong)一配置(zhi)资源，因此能(neng)够(gou)(gou)很好地避免净(jing)(jing)(jing)资产(chan)短缺或(huo)利用率(lv)不足(zu)的(de)情况，从而(er)使资金使用效益(yi)得(de)到更加充(chong)分(fen)的(de)发挥(hui)。以(yi)我省(sheng)为例，我省(sheng)农担(dan)(dan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的(de)注册资本金为40亿(yi)元，按照政策规(gui)(gui)定，最多可完(wan)成担(dan)(dan)保(bao)融资总(zong)(zong)额(e)400亿(yi)元，单(dan)笔担(dan)(dan)保(bao)项目融资金额(e)上限(xian)(xian)可达(da)4亿(yi)元，能(neng)够(gou)(gou)最大限(xian)(xian)度地覆盖和填补农业(ye)发展资金缺口。

（五）有利于(yu)节(jie)约(yue)人(ren)力(li)资(zi)源(yuan)。在(zai)省-市(shi)县公司(si)(si)和母(mu)-子公司(si)(si)的模式中，每个市(shi)县机构独(du)立管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、独(du)立经(jing)营(ying)，麻雀虽小五脏俱全(quan)，各(ge)公司(si)(si)都(dou)需建立完善的法人(ren)治理(li)(li)(li)(li)结构，配备齐(qi)全(quan)各(ge)类职能部(bu)门和工(gong)作人(ren)员。我省采(cai)用总-分(fen)公司(si)(si)模式，每个分(fen)公司(si)(si)在(zai)成立初(chu)期只(zhi)配备5人(ren)，包括分(fen)公司(si)(si)经(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)1人(ren)、担(dan)保(bao)(bao)业(ye)务(wu)经(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)AB角2人(ren)、内勤1人(ren)和外勤1人(ren)（业(ye)务(wu)全(quan)面(mian)开展后将(jiang)根据实际工(gong)作需求相(xiang)应增加(jia)人(ren)员，但增加(jia)人(ren)员仅限于(yu)担(dan)保(bao)(bao)业(ye)务(wu)经(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)），而风险防控、人(ren)力(li)资(zi)源(yuan)、财(cai)务(wu)会计、审计监察(cha)、信息(xi)技术等工(gong)作均由总公司(si)(si)统一管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。这种体制不论(lun)对全(quan)社会还是对公司(si)(si)自身(shen)来讲，都(dou)节(jie)省了大量的人(ren)力(li)资(zi)源(yuan)，降(jiang)低了管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)成本，企业(ye)可以实现扁平(ping)化(hua)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、提高运营(ying)效率(lv)。

（六）有利于提(ti)高决(jue)(jue)策(ce)科学(xue)化水平。吉林省(sheng)省(sheng)会长春市(shi)是全省(sheng)的经济(ji)、政治(zhi)、科教(jiao)和文(wen)化中心，教(jiao)育(yu)基础(chu)雄厚(hou)，人(ren)(ren)才(cai)资源充(chong)沛，其(qi)他市(shi)县则经济(ji)相对(dui)落后，人(ren)(ren)才(cai)较为缺乏。省(sheng)农(nong)担机构(gou)在筹备组建过程中，设(she)在长春市(shi)的总(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)很容易招录(lu)到“985”或(huo)“211”的大学(xue)本(ben)科及以(yi)上(shang)毕(bi)业生(sheng)，这些人(ren)(ren)员素质相对(dui)较高、能(neng)力相对(dui)较强，可以(yi)高质量、高效率地完成各项工作。分公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)对(dui)担保项目(mu)进行初审提(ti)报后，由总(zong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)进行把(ba)关(guan)审定，一定程度上(shang)能(neng)够避(bi)免(mian)决(jue)(jue)策(ce)失误(wu)。若农(nong)担体(ti)系组织结构(gou)采用省(sheng)-市(shi)县公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)或(huo)母(mu)-子公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)模式，受人(ren)(ren)员流动总(zong)体(ti)趋(qu)势影响(xiang)，设(she)在市(shi)县的公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)有的连全日(ri)制大学(xue)本(ben)科毕(bi)业生(sheng)都(dou)很难招到。由于人(ren)(ren)员素质相对(dui)较低、能(neng)力水平有限，必然(ran)增加决(jue)(jue)策(ce)失误(wu)的可能(neng)性。

（七(qi)）有(you)利(li)于(yu)实(shi)现企(qi)业(ye)(ye)资源(yuan)(yuan)共享(xiang)(xiang)。总(zong)-分(fen)公司(si)运行模式有(you)利(li)于(yu)总(zong)公司(si)利(li)用(yong)信(xin)息(xi)技术搭(da)建(jian)起覆盖全省农担体系(xi)的(de)统一的(de)工作、学(xue)习、交流和(he)信(xin)息(xi)共享(xiang)(xiang)平台。总(zong)公司(si)和(he)分(fen)公司(si)的(de)所有(you)人员(yuan)在该平台上既可(ke)(ke)以(yi)相(xiang)互(hu)学(xue)习、取长补(bu)短，又可(ke)(ke)以(yi)交换各(ge)种信(xin)息(xi)、实(shi)现资源(yuan)(yuan)共享(xiang)(xiang)，如工作经(jing)验(yan)、业(ye)(ye)务(wu)知识、客(ke)户信(xin)用(yong)数(shu)据等，能够大力促(cu)进总(zong)公司(si)和(he)分(fen)公司(si)便捷、高(gao)效(xiao)地开展管理、经(jing)营活动(dong)。若(ruo)采用(yong)省-市(shi)(shi)县(xian)公司(si)或(huo)母-子(zi)公司(si)模式，各(ge)公司(si)之间(jian)相(xiang)对(dui)独立(li)，增(zeng)大了(le)相(xiang)互(hu)学(xue)习、交流和(he)资源(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)享(xiang)(xiang)的(de)难度，可(ke)(ke)能会造成(cheng)工作不便，甚(shen)至带(dai)来一定(ding)风(feng)险。例如，一个客(ke)户在某市(shi)(shi)县(xian)公司(si)办理业(ye)(ye)务(wu)时(shi)(shi)发生违约(yue)行为，或(huo)存在其他信(xin)用(yong)瑕疵，由于(yu)该客(ke)户信(xin)用(yong)数(shu)据不能在全省范围(wei)内实(shi)现共享(xiang)(xiang)或(huo)不能及时(shi)(shi)共享(xiang)(xiang)，省内其他市(shi)(shi)县(xian)公司(si)一时(shi)(shi)难以(yi)了(le)解该客(ke)户的(de)相(xiang)关情况，有(you)可(ke)(ke)能继续为该客(ke)户提供担保服务(wu)。而(er)总(zong)-分(fen)公司(si)运行模式下(xia)的(de)资源(yuan)(yuan)共享(xiang)(xiang)平台则可(ke)(ke)以(yi)及时(shi)(shi)、全面、高(gao)效(xiao)地进行数(shu)据整(zheng)理、存储与传送，大幅减(jian)少企(qi)业(ye)(ye)信(xin)息(xi)盲点、降低企(qi)业(ye)(ye)经(jing)营风(feng)险。

（八(ba)）有利于避免(mian)市(shi)县行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)干预。省-市(shi)县公(gong)(gong)司或母-子公(gong)(gong)司模(mo)式下的市(shi)县机(ji)构，不可避免(mian)地会与所在(zai)地政(zheng)(zheng)府及(ji)财(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)、农(nong)业(ye)(ye)、工(gong)商、税务等相关(guan)职(zhi)能(neng)部(bu)门产生(sheng)较多关(guan)联关(guan)系，在(zai)管(guan)理(li)决策、人(ren)员任用、业(ye)(ye)务开展(zhan)、项(xiang)目(mu)审(shen)(shen)批上(shang)容(rong)易受到市(shi)县的行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)干预和影(ying)(ying)响，增(zeng)加权力寻租风险，影(ying)(ying)响企业(ye)(ye)良性发展(zhan)。总-分公(gong)(gong)司运行(xing)模(mo)式下，分公(gong)(gong)司的人(ren)事管(guan)理(li)、财(cai)务审(shen)(shen)批、项(xiang)目(mu)决策均由总公(gong)(gong)司负(fu)责，不受市(shi)县政(zheng)(zheng)府的干预和制约，可以全(quan)力以赴回(hui)归业(ye)(ye)务本位，更(geng)好(hao)地保(bao)证担保(bao)项(xiang)目(mu)审(shen)(shen)查的客观和公(gong)(gong)正，能(neng)够使全(quan)省农(nong)担体(ti)系真正做(zuo)到管(guan)理(li)、财(cai)务、业(ye)(ye)务和队伍建(jian)设等方面自上(shang)而下自成(cheng)一(yi)体(ti)，切实保(bao)障农(nong)担机(ji)构的独立性。

（九）有(you)(you)利于(yu)增强(qiang)行(xing)业话(hua)语权。相比(bi)(bi)于(yu)其他(ta)两种模(mo)式下(xia)市县机(ji)(ji)构(gou)的(de)(de)“单打独斗”，总-分(fen)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)运行(xing)模(mo)式下(xia)构(gou)建起的(de)(de)全省(sheng)农(nong)担(dan)(dan)(dan)体系(xi)是一个(ge)内部关系(xi)更加紧密的(de)(de)牢不可(ke)分(fen)的(de)(de)共同体，总公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)及其分(fen)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)凭(ping)借规模(mo)大(da)(da)、实(shi)力(li)强(qiang)的(de)(de)优势，在(zai)(zai)(zai)担(dan)(dan)(dan)保业内会获(huo)得(de)明显(xian)的(de)(de)行(xing)业话(hua)语权，对维护公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)和客(ke)户(hu)利益(yi)、赢得(de)银(yin)行(xing)机(ji)(ji)构(gou)等合作(zuo)伙伴(ban)认同、提升社会影(ying)响力(li)具有(you)(you)重要(yao)意义，在(zai)(zai)(zai)降低银(yin)行(xing)贷(dai)款(kuan)利率、提高(gao)银(yin)行(xing)风(feng)险(xian)(xian)分(fen)担(dan)(dan)(dan)比(bi)(bi)例(li)、减少或取消担(dan)(dan)(dan)保机(ji)(ji)构(gou)保证金的(de)(de)缴存、放大(da)(da)担(dan)(dan)(dan)保倍数等方面都容易争取到更多(duo)优惠(hui)，既有(you)(you)利于(yu)农(nong)担(dan)(dan)(dan)机(ji)(ji)构(gou)发(fa)展壮大(da)(da)，也有(you)(you)利于(yu)客(ke)户(hu)获(huo)得(de)更大(da)(da)利益(yi)。例(li)如，我(wo)省(sheng)农(nong)担(dan)(dan)(dan)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)与国(guo)(guo)家(jia)开(kai)(kai)发(fa)银(yin)行(xing)吉林分(fen)行(xing)进行(xing)合作(zuo)的(de)(de)过(guo)程(cheng)中，一开(kai)(kai)始省(sheng)国(guo)(guo)开(kai)(kai)行(xing)提出风(feng)险(xian)(xian)共担(dan)(dan)(dan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)全国(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)开(kai)(kai)行(xing)系(xi)统没有(you)(you)先例(li)，但在(zai)(zai)(zai)合作(zuo)洽(qia)谈中，省(sheng)国(guo)(guo)开(kai)(kai)行(xing)考虑到农(nong)担(dan)(dan)(dan)体系(xi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)省(sheng)内的(de)(de)规模(mo)和影(ying)响，最终同意承担(dan)(dan)(dan)10%的(de)(de)风(feng)险(xian)(xian)。又如，我(wo)省(sheng)九台农(nong)村商业银(yin)行(xing)对我(wo)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)该行(xing)的(de)(de)存款(kuan)实(shi)行(xing)4%的(de)(de)优惠(hui)利率，且按季度结息、计算复利，这都是很难(nan)得(de)的(de)(de)优惠(hui)政策。

（十(shi)）有利于(yu)(yu)加强企(qi)业(ye)员(yuan)工队伍(wu)建设。采用总(zong)-分公司(si)(si)(si)运行(xing)模式(shi)组建的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)省农担体(ti)系(xi)，各分公司(si)(si)(si)人员(yuan)均(jun)由总(zong)公司(si)(si)(si)招聘和(he)管(guan)理，办公场所设计(ji)装(zhuang)修(xiu)、企(qi)业(ye)视(shi)觉识(shi)别、员(yuan)工职场形象(xiang)、企(qi)业(ye)文体(ti)活(huo)动(dong)等均(jun)由公司(si)(si)(si)统一安(an)排(pai)，员(yuan)工不(bu)管(guan)是在总(zong)公司(si)(si)(si)还是分公司(si)(si)(si)，都归属于(yu)(yu)规(gui)模庞大、实力(li)强劲(jing)的(de)(de)(de)吉(ji)林农担体(ti)系(xi)，且总(zong)公司(si)(si)(si)会酌情进行(xing)人员(yuan)在总(zong)公司(si)(si)(si)与分公司(si)(si)(si)之间的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)下流动(dong)和(he)分公司(si)(si)(si)与分公司(si)(si)(si)之间的(de)(de)(de)横向(xiang)交流，全(quan)省上(shang)下形成一个(ge)组织联(lian)系(xi)紧密(mi)、文化(hua)理念一致的(de)(de)(de)集体(ti)。这(zhei)无(wu)疑会增强员(yuan)工的(de)(de)(de)认同(tong)感(gan)、归属感(gan)、安(an)全(quan)感(gan)和(he)自豪(hao)感(gan)，提(ti)高农担体(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)凝聚力(li)、向(xiang)心力(li)和(he)战(zhan)斗力(li)，更(geng)好地吸纳人才(cai)、稳定队伍(wu)，并能拓宽员(yuan)工的(de)(de)(de)发(fa)展平台，提(ti)高员(yuan)工的(de)(de)(de)工作积极性和(he)主动(dong)性，进而提(ti)高企(qi)业(ye)运营效率。这(zhei)是其他两(liang)种模式(shi)无(wu)法比(bi)拟的(de)(de)(de)。

三(san)种农(nong)担体系运行(xing)模式在(zai)上(shang)述十方面的(de)优势比较如表2所示。

表2  省级以下(xia)农担体系(xi)三种运(yun)行模(mo)式优势比较

需要(yao)指出的(de)是，在母-子公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)模式中，由于子公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)为母公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)投资设立，一(yi)(yi)(yi)定程度上(shang)受母公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)控制，因此(ci)各(ge)子公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)在母公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)领导和影响下，也能在执(zhi)行担保政策和企(qi)业(ye)员工队伍建设方面(mian)(mian)达到一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)统一(yi)(yi)(yi)度，在企(qi)业(ye)资源共享方面(mian)(mian)也拥(yong)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)便(bian)捷(jie)性(xing)，但子公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)从本质(zhi)上(shang)讲是独(du)立的(de)企(qi)业(ye)法(fa)人(ren)，自主经营(ying)、独(du)立核算、自负盈(ying)亏(kui)，因此(ci)，这种统一(yi)(yi)(yi)度和便(bian)捷(jie)性(xing)必(bi)然会受到限制。

三、总-分公司运行模式的(de)劣势及我省的(de)应(ying)对(dui)措(cuo)施(shi)

（一）总-分公(gong)司运行模(mo)式(shi)(shi)相比于其他两种模(mo)式(shi)(shi)的劣势。总-分公(gong)司运行模(mo)式(shi)(shi)虽然具备十方(fang)面其他两种模(mo)式(shi)(shi)难以(yi)达到的优势，但也难免存在固(gu)有的劣势，主要(yao)体现在两个方(fang)面：

1.决(jue)策(ce)链条较长(zhang)。在省(sheng)-市县(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)和母-子公司(si)(si)(si)(si)模(mo)式中，市县(xian)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)地(di)位独(du)(du)立(li)、自主经(jing)(jing)营(ying)，拥(yong)有(you)独(du)(du)立(li)的管理(li)权(quan)、决(jue)策(ce)权(quan)，管理(li)、决(jue)策(ce)等(deng)活(huo)动在本公司(si)(si)(si)(si)内(nei)部(bu)完成(cheng)(cheng)，不必通过省(sheng)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)或母公司(si)(si)(si)(si)，决(jue)策(ce)链条短、决(jue)策(ce)速度(du)快(kuai)，对(dui)市场变(bian)化能做出快(kuai)速应对(dui)。而总(zong)-分公司(si)(si)(si)(si)运行模(mo)式中，分公司(si)(si)(si)(si)没有(you)决(jue)策(ce)权(quan)，经(jing)(jing)营(ying)、管理(li)等(deng)事项需要(yao)上报总(zong)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)，由(you)总(zong)公司(si)(si)(si)(si)完成(cheng)(cheng)最终决(jue)策(ce)，这无疑拉长(zhang)了(le)决(jue)策(ce)链条、降低了(le)决(jue)策(ce)速度(du)，不利于(yu)及(ji)时(shi)应对(dui)市场变(bian)化。

2.信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)传(chuan)送(song)递(di)(di)减。人(ren)(ren)们在传(chuan)递(di)(di)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)过(guo)程(cheng)中，信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)量存在递(di)(di)减现象(xiang)。省(sheng)-市(shi)县公(gong)司(si)(si)和(he)母-子公(gong)司(si)(si)模(mo)式下的(de)市(shi)县机构自(zi)主经(jing)营、独立决(jue)策(ce)(ce)(ce)，实地调研信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)向(xiang)决(jue)策(ce)(ce)(ce)管理(li)层的(de)传(chuan)递(di)(di)路径(jing)短、传(chuan)递(di)(di)次数(shu)少(shao)，甚至(zhi)(zhi)由决(jue)策(ce)(ce)(ce)者(zhe)亲自(zi)调研，所以一(yi)般(ban)不会发(fa)生(sheng)或很少(shao)发(fa)生(sheng)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)递(di)(di)减，全(quan)面、准确地掌握一(yi)手信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)也会提高决(jue)策(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)有效(xiao)性(xing)。而在总(zong)-分公(gong)司(si)(si)运行模(mo)式下，分公(gong)司(si)(si)完(wan)成现场调研后，需形成调研报告上报至(zhi)(zhi)总(zong)公(gong)司(si)(si)决(jue)策(ce)(ce)(ce)层，信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)传(chuan)递(di)(di)路径(jing)较(jiao)长、传(chuan)递(di)(di)次数(shu)较(jiao)多(duo)，且由于现场调研人(ren)(ren)员(yuan)(yuan)或调研报告写作人(ren)(ren)员(yuan)(yuan)的(de)工作能(neng)力、业务素(su)质等因(yin)素(su)限(xian)制，在一(yi)手信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)收集、整理(li)过(guo)程(cheng)中难免(mian)发(fa)生(sheng)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)丢失，导(dao)致总(zong)公(gong)司(si)(si)决(jue)策(ce)(ce)(ce)者(zhe)掌握到的(de)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)在全(quan)面性(xing)和(he)准确性(xing)上受到影响，从而产生(sheng)决(jue)策(ce)(ce)(ce)失准的(de)可能(neng)。

（二）我省(sheng)的应对措施。针对总-分公司运行(xing)模式的两(liang)方面劣势(shi)，我省(sheng)将(jiang)充(chong)分利用现代(dai)科技手段(duan)，不(bu)断(duan)完(wan)善工作(zuo)制度机制，以期弥补不(bu)足(zu)、克服局(ju)限(xian)、规避(bi)劣势(shi)，大(da)力提(ti)高决(jue)策速度和决(jue)策准确(que)性。

1.建设信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)平(ping)台(tai)，以科技手段促进流(liu)程(cheng)简化(hua)(hua)和(he)效(xiao)率提高。随着互联网(wang)科技的(de)(de)(de)飞速(su)发展，企业(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)建设已成为现代(dai)企业(ye)(ye)发展的(de)(de)(de)关键(jian)因素(su)。我省农(nong)(nong)担(dan)(dan)公司(si)力争(zheng)在较短的(de)(de)(de)时间内利(li)用(yong)计算机网(wang)络(luo)系(xi)统和(he)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)技术建立起覆盖全(quan)(quan)省农(nong)(nong)担(dan)(dan)体系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)集管理、业(ye)(ye)务、交流(liu)于(yu)一(yi)(yi)体的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)平(ping)台(tai)，该平(ping)台(tai)以公司(si)特点、管理流(liu)程(cheng)、业(ye)(ye)务需求为依据(ju)，以信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)资(zi)源管理为核(he)心，以网(wang)络(luo)系(xi)统和(he)数(shu)据(ju)中心为支(zhi)撑(cheng)，以实现信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)一(yi)(yi)体化(hua)(hua)、管控一(yi)(yi)体化(hua)(hua)为目(mu)标(biao)。平(ping)台(tai)对(dui)全(quan)(quan)省业(ye)(ye)务进行统一(yi)(yi)管理，可(ke)以快(kuai)速(su)、批量、高效(xiao)地处(chu)理担(dan)(dan)保项(xiang)目(mu)，并(bing)实时督办(ban)、监(jian)控项(xiang)目(mu)，为项(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)保前审(shen)核(he)、保后跟踪(zong)以及(ji)全(quan)(quan)省农(nong)(nong)担(dan)(dan)体系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)整体调控、分(fen)析和(he)决策提供有力支(zhi)撑(cheng)，从而极(ji)大地促进管理流(liu)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)简化(hua)(hua)和(he)工作效(xiao)率的(de)(de)(de)提高，达到(dao)既(ji)能加快(kuai)决策速(su)度(du)和(he)市场反应(ying)速(su)度(du)，又能提升客户满(man)意度(du)的(de)(de)(de)双重(zhong)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)。

2.完(wan)善(shan)工作(zuo)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，以(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)约(yue)束克服信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)传送(song)递(di)减。一是规范分公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)相关(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。严(yan)格(ge)原(yuan)始数(shu)据信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)整理(li)报(bao)送(song)要(yao)求，制(zhi)(zhi)定统一的保前尽(jin)职调查内容(rong)和标准(zhun)(zhun)以(yi)及统一的信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)采集(ji)、录入(ru)、上报(bao)流程和标准(zhun)(zhun)，总(zong)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)进(jin)行定期检查和随(sui)机(ji)抽查，确保调研信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)获取、记录、报(bao)送(song)的准(zhun)(zhun)确性、完(wan)整性和规范性。二是完(wan)善(shan)总(zong)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)决策制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。建立项目初审(shen)、复审(shen)、审(shen)定分离的工作(zuo)机(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，严(yan)格(ge)审(shen)核(he)流程，除对(dui)分公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)上报(bao)的调研报(bao)告(gao)进(jin)行审(shen)核(he)外，对(dui)分公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)上报(bao)的原(yuan)始数(shu)据信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)也要(yao)认真梳理(li)，并将其(qi)作(zuo)为最终(zhong)决策的重要(yao)考量(liang)(liang)依据。三(san)是利用现(xian)代科技手段(duan)。通过视频(pin)、音频(pin)、测(ce)量(liang)(liang)、测(ce)绘、地(di)理(li)定位以(yi)及信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)采集(ji)与(yu)实(shi)(shi)时(shi)(shi)传送(song)等(deng)电(dian)子(zi)设(she)备，实(shi)(shi)现(xian)对(dui)调研的现(xian)场(chang)情况和一手信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)的全(quan)面、准(zhun)(zhun)确掌(zhang)握；通过覆(fu)盖(gai)全(quan)省农担体系的信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)管理(li)平台，实(shi)(shi)现(xian)调研原(yuan)始数(shu)据信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)的及时(shi)(shi)录入(ru)、上传和使(shi)用。

作(zuo)者信息

山昌文：吉林省农业(ye)信贷担(dan)保有(you)限公司董事(shi)长，高级会计师，邮箱(xiang)ccscw@163.com，手(shou)机15943000078。