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问(wen)：为什(shen)么要制定条例？

答：融(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)保是(shi)指(zhi)担(dan)保人为(wei)被担(dan)保人借款(kuan)、发(fa)(fa)(fa)行债券等债务(wu)融(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)提供(gong)担(dan)保的行为(wei)。融(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)保是(shi)普惠(hui)(hui)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)体系的重要(yao)组(zu)成部分(fen)，对于(yu)发(fa)(fa)(fa)展普惠(hui)(hui)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)，促进资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)通，特别是(shi)解决小微(wei)企(qi)业(ye)和“三农”融(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)难融(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)贵问题具有重要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)。近年(nian)来(lai)，我(wo)国(guo)(guo)融(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)保行业(ye)发(fa)(fa)(fa)展较快，同(tong)(tong)(tong)时(shi)也存在监督管理不到位、经营(ying)行为(wei)不规(gui)范(fan)不审(shen)慎甚至引发(fa)(fa)(fa)风(feng)险、为(wei)小微(wei)企(qi)业(ye)和“三农”服务(wu)的意愿(yuan)有待(dai)增强和能力有待(dai)提高(gao)等问题。党中央、国(guo)(guo)务(wu)院对此高(gao)度(du)重视，国(guo)(guo)务(wu)院领导同(tong)(tong)(tong)志(zhi)多次作(zuo)出(chu)指(zhi)示(shi)、批示(shi)，要(yao)求完(wan)善(shan)法律法规(gui)，加大政策(ce)(ce)扶持(chi)力度(du)，充分(fen)发(fa)(fa)(fa)挥融(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)保支持(chi)小微(wei)企(qi)业(ye)和“三农”的作(zuo)用(yong)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)时(shi)规(gui)范(fan)融(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)保公司的行为(wei)，切实(shi)(shi)(shi)防范(fan)风(feng)险。制定本条(tiao)例，既(ji)是(shi)实(shi)(shi)(shi)践需要(yao)，也是(shi)落实(shi)(shi)(shi)党中央、国(guo)(guo)务(wu)院决策(ce)(ce)部署的要(yao)求。

问：条(tiao)例(li)如何促进融资担保(bao)行(xing)业更好(hao)地为小微(wei)企业和“三农”服务？

答(da)：促进融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)(dan)(dan)保行业(ye)更(geng)好地为(wei)小微(wei)(wei)(wei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)和(he)“三农(nong)”服务(wu)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)扶持必不可少。条例立足我国国情，规(gui)定(ding)了一系列政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)扶持措(cuo)施(shi)，主要(yao)(yao)包(bao)括：国家(jia)推动建立政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)性融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)(dan)(dan)保体系，发展(zhan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)支(zhi)持的(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)(dan)(dan)保公(gong)司(si)，建立政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)、银行业(ye)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)机构(gou)、融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)(dan)(dan)保公(gong)司(si)合作(zuo)机制(zhi)，扩大(da)为(wei)小微(wei)(wei)(wei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)和(he)“三农(nong)”提(ti)供融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)(dan)(dan)保业(ye)务(wu)的(de)(de)规(gui)模并保持较低(di)的(de)(de)费(fei)(fei)率水平；各级人民政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)财政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)部门通过资(zi)(zi)(zi)本金(jin)(jin)投入、建立风险(xian)分担(dan)(dan)(dan)机制(zhi)等(deng)方(fang)式，对主要(yao)(yao)为(wei)小微(wei)(wei)(wei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)和(he)“三农(nong)”服务(wu)的(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)(dan)(dan)保公(gong)司(si)提(ti)供财政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)支(zhi)持；政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)支(zhi)持的(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)(dan)(dan)保公(gong)司(si)应当(dang)增强(qiang)运用大(da)数据(ju)等(deng)现代(dai)信(xin)息技术手段的(de)(de)能力，为(wei)小微(wei)(wei)(wei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)和(he)“三农(nong)”融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)需求服务(wu)；被纳入政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)推动建立的(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)(dan)(dan)保风险(xian)分担(dan)(dan)(dan)机制(zhi)的(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)(dan)(dan)保公(gong)司(si)，应当(dang)按照(zhao)国家(jia)有(you)(you)关规(gui)定(ding)降低(di)对小微(wei)(wei)(wei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)和(he)“三农(nong)”的(de)(de)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)(dan)(dan)保费(fei)(fei)率。以行政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)法规(gui)的(de)(de)形式，对上述政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)扶持措(cuo)施(shi)作(zuo)出明确规(gui)定(ding)，有(you)(you)利于进一步(bu)提(ti)升政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)(ce)措(cuo)施(shi)的(de)(de)稳定(ding)性和(he)权(quan)威性，形成良好社会预期，对于增强(qiang)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)(dan)(dan)保行业(ye)为(wei)小微(wei)(wei)(wei)企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)和(he)“三农(nong)”服务(wu)的(de)(de)意愿和(he)能力，具有(you)(you)重要(yao)(yao)意义。

问(wen)：设立融资担保公(gong)司(si)的(de)“门槛”是什(shen)么(me)？

答：融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)(dan)保公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)业(ye)务具有(you)金融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)属性(xing)，需(xu)要严格监管。首先就是设立(li)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)(dan)保公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)要有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“门槛”，这是强化源头治理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要。为(wei)此(ci)，条例规(gui)(gui)定：设立(li)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)(dan)保公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)应(ying)当经监管部门批准。除了(le)要符(fu)合《中华人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共和(he)国公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)法(fa)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)规(gui)(gui)定外，融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)(dan)保公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)还应(ying)当具备下列条件(jian)：股东信誉良(liang)好，最(zui)(zui)近3年(nian)无重大违(wei)法(fa)违(wei)规(gui)(gui)记录；注册(ce)(ce)资(zi)(zi)(zi)本不低于人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)币(bi)2000万元且为(wei)实(shi)缴货币(bi)资(zi)(zi)(zi)本；拟任董事(shi)、监事(shi)、高级管理人(ren)(ren)(ren)员熟悉(xi)与融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)(dan)保业(ye)务相关的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)规(gui)(gui)，具有(you)履行(xing)职责所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)从业(ye)经验和(he)管理能力；有(you)健全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)业(ye)务规(gui)(gui)范和(he)风险控制(zhi)等(deng)内部管理制(zhi)度等(deng)。考虑(lv)到(dao)不同(tong)地区经济(ji)发(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)水平和(he)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)(dan)保行(xing)业(ye)发(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)实(shi)际情况不同(tong)，条例规(gui)(gui)定省(sheng)级人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)政府可以(yi)根据本地区实(shi)际情况提高设立(li)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)(dan)保公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)注册(ce)(ce)资(zi)(zi)(zi)本最(zui)(zui)低限额要求(qiu)。此(ci)外，对于融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)(dan)保公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)跨省(sheng)、自治区、直辖市设立(li)分支机构的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，条例还规(gui)(gui)定了(le)注册(ce)(ce)资(zi)(zi)(zi)本不低于人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)币(bi)10亿元、经营(ying)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)(dan)保业(ye)务3年(nian)以(yi)上且最(zui)(zui)近2个会计(ji)年(nian)度连续盈利、最(zui)(zui)近2年(nian)无重大违(wei)法(fa)违(wei)规(gui)(gui)记录等(deng)条件(jian)。

问：条例对融资担保公(gong)司(si)市场退(tui)出有(you)什么要求？

答：为了防范风险，维护(hu)金融(rong)稳定，条例明(ming)(ming)确了融(rong)资担(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)公司市场退(tui)出(chu)的(de)(de)要求，包括：融(rong)资担(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)公司解散的(de)(de)，应(ying)当(dang)依法成立(li)清(qing)(qing)算组进行清(qing)(qing)算，并对未到期融(rong)资担(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)责任(ren)的(de)(de)承接作(zuo)出(chu)明(ming)(ming)确安排；融(rong)资担(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)公司的(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)算过程应(ying)当(dang)接受(shou)监(jian)(jian)督管(guan)理(li)部(bu)门的(de)(de)监(jian)(jian)督；融(rong)资担(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)公司解散或者(zhe)被(bei)依法宣告破产(chan)的(de)(de)，应(ying)当(dang)将(jiang)融(rong)资担(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)业务经营许可证交监(jian)(jian)督管(guan)理(li)部(bu)门注销，并由监(jian)(jian)督管(guan)理(li)部(bu)门予以(yi)公告。

问：融资担保(bao)公司主(zhu)要应遵循哪些经营规则(ze)？

答：完(wan)善的(de)(de)经营规(gui)则是(shi)规(gui)范融(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)公司行为、有(you)(you)(you)效防范风(feng)(feng)险(xian)的(de)(de)核心，也是(shi)条例(li)的(de)(de)主要着力点。这方面的(de)(de)主要规(gui)定(ding)包括：融(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)公司应(ying)当按照(zhao)审(shen)慎经营原则，建立健全(quan)各(ge)项业务规(gui)范以及风(feng)(feng)险(xian)管理(li)等内部控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，并按照(zhao)国家规(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)风(feng)(feng)险(xian)权(quan)重(zhong)计量担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)责任余额(e)；担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)责任余额(e)不得超过(guo)其(qi)净资(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)的(de)(de)10倍，对同(tong)一(yi)被担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人、同(tong)一(yi)被担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人及其(qi)关联方的(de)(de)担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)责任余额(e)不得超过(guo)相(xiang)应(ying)的(de)(de)比例(li)；不得为其(qi)控股股东、实际控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人提供融(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，为其(qi)他关联方提供融(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)条件(jian)不得优于为非关联方提供同(tong)类(lei)担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)条件(jian)，并须依法(fa)报告和披(pi)露(lu)；应(ying)当按照(zhao)国家有(you)(you)(you)关规(gui)定(ding)提取相(xiang)应(ying)的(de)(de)准备金；自有(you)(you)(you)资(zi)(zi)(zi)金运用应(ying)当符合国家有(you)(you)(you)关融(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)公司资(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)安全(quan)性、流动性的(de)(de)规(gui)定(ding)；禁(jin)止(zhi)融(rong)资(zi)(zi)(zi)担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)公司从事吸收(shou)存(cun)款或(huo)者(zhe)变相(xiang)吸收(shou)存(cun)款、自营贷款或(huo)者(zhe)受托贷款以及受托投资(zi)(zi)(zi)等活动。

问：融(rong)资担保公(gong)司的监管体制是什么样的？

答：融(rong)资(zi)担(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)公司(si)(si)的监(jian)督(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)体(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)分为(wei)两个层面。其中(zhong)(zhong)，日常(chang)监(jian)督(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)在地(di)方层面。按照条例(li)规定(ding)，省级(ji)(ji)人民政(zheng)府(fu)确定(ding)的部(bu)门(men)负责(ze)(ze)对本地(di)区融(rong)资(zi)担(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)公司(si)(si)的监(jian)督(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)，省级(ji)(ji)人民政(zheng)府(fu)负责(ze)(ze)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)促进本地(di)区融(rong)资(zi)担(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)行(xing)业发(fa)展的政(zheng)策措施(shi)、处置融(rong)资(zi)担(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)公司(si)(si)风险(xian)，督(du)(du)促监(jian)督(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)部(bu)门(men)严格履行(xing)职责(ze)(ze)。中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)层面主(zhu)要负责(ze)(ze)制(zhi)(zhi)度建(jian)设、督(du)(du)促指导等(deng)，具体(ti)(ti)通过联席(xi)(xi)会议机(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)来实施(shi)。国(guo)务(wu)(wu)院(yuan)建(jian)立融(rong)资(zi)性担(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)业务(wu)(wu)监(jian)管(guan)(guan)部(bu)际(ji)联席(xi)(xi)会议，负责(ze)(ze)拟订融(rong)资(zi)担(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)公司(si)(si)监(jian)督(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度，协调解(jie)决融(rong)资(zi)担(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)公司(si)(si)监(jian)督(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)中(zhong)(zhong)的重大(da)问题，督(du)(du)促指导地(di)方人民政(zheng)府(fu)对融(rong)资(zi)担(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)公司(si)(si)进行(xing)监(jian)督(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)和(he)风险(xian)处置。融(rong)资(zi)性担(dan)(dan)(dan)保(bao)(bao)业务(wu)(wu)监(jian)管(guan)(guan)部(bu)际(ji)联席(xi)(xi)会议由国(guo)务(wu)(wu)院(yuan)银行(xing)业监(jian)督(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)机(ji)构牵头，国(guo)务(wu)(wu)院(yuan)有(you)关部(bu)门(men)参加。

问：条例如何强化对融资(zi)担保(bao)公司的监(jian)督管理(li)？

答：为(wei)强化对(dui)融(rong)资担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)的监(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，条例主(zhu)要从三个方(fang)面作(zuo)了(le)(le)规(gui)定(ding)。一是(shi)明(ming)确监(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)部门的主(zhu)要职(zhi)责，包括建(jian)立(li)健(jian)全监(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工作(zuo)制(zhi)度(du)，运用(yong)大(da)数据等现(xian)代信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)术(shu)手段实时(shi)监(jian)(jian)(jian)测(ce)风(feng)险，加强对(dui)融(rong)资担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)的非现(xian)场监(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)(he)现(xian)场检(jian)查，并与有(you)关(guan)部门建(jian)立(li)监(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)协调机制(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)信(xin)息(xi)共享机制(zhi)；根据融(rong)资担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)的不同情况实施分类监(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)；建(jian)立(li)健(jian)全融(rong)资担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)信(xin)用(yong)记(ji)录制(zhi)度(du)；会同有(you)关(guan)部门建(jian)立(li)融(rong)资担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)重大(da)风(feng)险事件(jian)的预警、防范和(he)(he)(he)处置机制(zhi)，制(zhi)定(ding)融(rong)资担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)重大(da)风(feng)险事件(jian)应(ying)急预案。二(er)是(shi)规(gui)定(ding)了(le)(le)具体监(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)措施，包括：对(dui)融(rong)资担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)进行现(xian)场检(jian)查并采(cai)取相应(ying)措施；与其(qi)(qi)董事、监(jian)(jian)(jian)事、高(gao)级管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人员进行监(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)谈话；发(fa)现(xian)融(rong)资担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)的经(jing)(jing)营(ying)(ying)活动可(ke)能形成重大(da)风(feng)险的，可(ke)以(yi)责令其(qi)(qi)暂停部分业(ye)务、限(xian)制(zhi)其(qi)(qi)自有(you)资金运用(yong)的规(gui)模和(he)(he)(he)方(fang)式(shi)、责令其(qi)(qi)停止(zhi)增设分支机构等。三是(shi)规(gui)定(ding)了(le)(le)融(rong)资担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)应(ying)当遵守(shou)的监(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)要求(qiu)，包括按照要求(qiu)向监(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)部门报(bao)(bao)送经(jing)(jing)营(ying)(ying)报(bao)(bao)告(gao)、财务报(bao)(bao)告(gao)以(yi)及其(qi)(qi)他有(you)关(guan)文(wen)件(jian)和(he)(he)(he)资料，报(bao)(bao)告(gao)跨省域开展(zhan)业(ye)务的情况；发(fa)生重大(da)风(feng)险事件(jian)立(li)即采(cai)取应(ying)急措施并及时(shi)向监(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)部门报(bao)(bao)告(gao)等。此外，为(wei)严格责任(ren)追究(jiu)，条例还对(dui)未经(jing)(jing)批准擅自设立(li)融(rong)资担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)或者经(jing)(jing)营(ying)(ying)融(rong)资担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)业(ye)务，以(yi)及违反融(rong)资担(dan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)经(jing)(jing)营(ying)(ying)规(gui)则和(he)(he)(he)监(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)要求(qiu)的行为(wei)规(gui)定(ding)了(le)(le)相应(ying)的法律责任(ren)。